Fabricating techniques for surgical stapler anvils

ABSTRACT

Methods of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler. In various arrangements, the methods include forming an anvil body by rolling, extruding, metal injection molding or electrochemical machining. Preliminary staple-forming pocket configurations are formed in the anvil body by machining or during the metal injection molding or electro-chemical machining processes. The staple-forming pockets are provided with a final configuration using another manufacturing step such as coining or forging.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to surgical instruments and, in various arrangements, to surgical stapling and cutting instruments and staple cartridges for use therewith that are designed to staple and cut tissue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various features of the embodiments described herein, together with advantages thereof, may be understood in accordance with the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a powered surgical stapling system;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of the powered surgical stapling system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded assembly view of portions of a handle assembly of the powered surgical stapling system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an exploded assembly view of the interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is another partial exploded assembly view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is another partial perspective view of an end effector portion of the interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 2 with jaws thereof in an open position;

FIG. 7 is another perspective view of a portion of the end effector and interchangeable shaft assembly of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a distal closure member embodiment;

FIG. 9 is an end view of the distal closure member embodiment of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 7, with an anvil and a closure member thereof in a fully open position;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 10, taken along line 11-11 in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 11, with the anvil and closure member in a closed position;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the anvil and closure member of FIG. 12, taken along line 13-13 in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 13, with the anvil and closure member thereof in an “over-closed” position;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 14 taken along line 15-15 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a portion of another end effector and interchangeable surgical shaft assembly, with an anvil thereof in an open position;

FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 16, with the anvil and a closure member thereof in a fully open position;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 17, taken along line 18-18 in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 17, with the anvil and closure member thereof in a closed position;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 19, taken along line 20-20 in FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of the end effector and portion of interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 19, with the anvil and closure member thereof in an over-closed position;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 21, taken along line 22-22 in FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is an end view of another distal closure member embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a side elevational view of another end effector and portion of another interchangeable surgical shaft assembly, with an anvil and a closure member thereof in an open position;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 24, taken along line 25-25 in FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a side elevational view of the end effector and interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 24, with the anvil and closure member thereof in a closed position;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 26, taken along line 27-27 in FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a side elevational view of the end effector and interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 24, with the anvil and closure member thereof in an over-closed position;

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 28, taken along line 29-29 in FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is an end view of another closure member embodiment;

FIG. 31 is a side elevational view of another end effector and portion of another interchangeable surgical shaft assembly, with an anvil and a closure member thereof in a closed position;

FIG. 32 is another side elevational view of the end effector of the interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 31, with the anvil and closure member thereof in an “over-closed” position;

FIG. 33 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 31, with the anvil in the closed position;

FIG. 34 is another enlarged side elevational view of a portion of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 32, with the anvil in the over-closed position;

FIG. 35 is a side elevational view of another end effector and portion of another interchangeable surgical shaft assembly, with an anvil and a closure member thereof in a closed position;

FIG. 36 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 35, with the anvil in the closed position;

FIG. 37 is another side elevational view of the end effector of the interchangeable surgical shaft assembly of FIG. 35, with the anvil and closure member thereof in an over-closed position;

FIG. 38 is another enlarged side elevational view of a portion of the end effector and closure member of FIG. 37, with the anvil in the over-closed position;

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a previous surgical staple cartridge configured to form flexible lines of surgical staples;

FIG. 40 is a top view of lines of surgical staples formed in tissue by the surgical staple cartridge of FIG. 39;

FIG. 41 is a side elevational view of a previous surgical staple embodiment;

FIG. 42 is a side elevational view of another previous surgical staple embodiment;

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of a previous anvil;

FIG. 44 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section through a welded joint of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the previous anvil of FIGS. 61 and 62 prior to the formation of staple-forming pockets therein;

FIG. 46 is another cross-sectional view of the previous anvil of FIG. 45 after a staple-forming pocket has been coined therein;

FIG. 47 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section through the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 48 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section of a portion of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 49 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section of a portion of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 50 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section of a portion of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 51 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross-section of a portion of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 52 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a staple-forming undersurface of the previous anvil of FIG. 43;

FIG. 53 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a staple-forming pocket of the previous anvil of FIG. 52;

FIG. 54 is another photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a portion of a bottom surface of the staple-forming pocket of FIG. 53;

FIG. 55 is a diagram of a method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 56 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of another anvil that is formed using the method of FIG. 55;

FIG. 57 is another cross-sectional view of a portion of a completed anvil that is formed using the method of FIG. 55;

FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of a staple-forming pocket of the anvil of FIG. 56, prior to an application of a coining action;

FIG. 59 is another cross-sectional view of the staple-forming pocket of FIG. 58 after the application of a coining action thereto;

FIG. 60 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 61 is a cross-sectional view of a staple-forming pocket of another anvil that is formed using the method of FIG. 60 prior to an application of a coining action thereto;

FIG. 62 is a top view of the staple-forming pocket of FIG. 61;

FIG. 63 is another cross-sectional view of the staple-forming pocket of FIG. 61 after an application of a coining action thereto;

FIG. 64 is a top view of the staple-forming pocket of FIG. 63;

FIG. 65 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 66 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 67 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 68 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 69 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 70 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil;

FIG. 71 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil; and

FIG. 72 is a diagram of another method for forming a surgical stapler anvil.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate various embodiments of the invention, in one form, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on even date herewith and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,101, entitled METHOD FOR FABRICATING SURGICAL STAPLER ANVILS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054323;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,183, entitled REINFORCED DEFORMABLE ANVIL TIP FOR SURGICAL STAPLER ANVIL, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054327;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,150, entitled SURGICAL STAPLER ANVILS WITH STAPLE DIRECTING PROTRUSIONS AND TISSUE STABILITY FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054326;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,122 entitled SURGICAL STAPLING DEVICES WITH IMPROVED CLOSURE MEMBERS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054324;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,140, entitled SURGICAL STAPLER ANVILS WITH TISSUE STOP FEATURES CONFIGURED TO AVOID TISSUE PINCH, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054325;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,081, entitled METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWERED ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054320;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,094, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE JAW CLOSURE ARRANGEMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054321;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,097, entitled POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CLUTCHING ARRANGEMENTS TO CONVERT LINEAR DRIVE MOTIONS TO ROTARY DRIVE MOTIONS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054328;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,104, entitled POWERED ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CLUTCHING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR LINKING AN ARTICULATION DRIVE SYSTEM TO A FIRING DRIVE SYSTEM, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054329;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,119, entitled ARTICULATABLE MOTOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH DEDICATED ARTICULATION MOTOR ARRANGEMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054330;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,160, entitled SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR MOTOR POWERED ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0054331; and

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/660,252, entitled SURGICAL STAPLER ANVILS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications and U.S. Patents that are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,185, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND REPLACEABLE TOOL ASSEMBLIES THEREOF, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168642;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,230, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168649;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,221, entitled LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-01686;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,209, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND FIRING MEMBERS THEREOF, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168645;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,198, entitled LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND REPLACEABLE TOOL ASSEMBLIES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168644;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,240, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND ADAPTABLE FIRING MEMBERS THEREFOR, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168651.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,939, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168629;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,941, entitled SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLIES WITH CLUTCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SHIFTING BETWEEN CLOSURE SYSTEMS WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION FEATURES AND ARTICULATION AND FIRING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168630;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,943, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168631;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,950, entitled SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLIES WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168635;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,945, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168632;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,946, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168633;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,951, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH JAW OPENING FEATURES FOR INCREASING A JAW OPENING DISTANCE, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168636;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,953, entitled METHODS OF STAPLING TISSUE, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168637;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,954, entitled FIRING MEMBERS WITH NON-PARALLEL JAW ENGAGEMENT FEATURES FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168638;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,955, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH EXPANDABLE TISSUE STOP ARRANGEMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168639;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,948, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168584;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,956, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH POSITIVE JAW OPENING FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168640;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,958, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING FIRING SYSTEM ACTUATION UNLESS AN UNSPENT STAPLE CARTRIDGE IS PRESENT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168641;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,947, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168634;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,896, entitled METHOD FOR RESETTING A FUSE OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168597;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,898, entitled STAPLE-FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENT TO ACCOMMODATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAPLES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168599;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,899, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING IMPROVED JAW CONTROL, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168600;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,901, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE AND STAPLE CARTRIDGE CHANNEL COMPRISING WINDOWS DEFINED THEREIN, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168602;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,902, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CUTTING MEMBER, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168603;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,904, entitled STAPLE FIRING MEMBER COMPRISING A MISSING CARTRIDGE AND/OR SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168605;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,905, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKOUT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168606;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,907, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN END EFFECTOR LOCKOUT AND A FIRING ASSEMBLY LOCKOUT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168608;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,908, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FUSE, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168609;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,909, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A MULTIPLE FAILED-STATE FUSE, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168610;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,920, entitled STAPLE-FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168620;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,913, entitled ANVIL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168614;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,914, entitled METHOD OF DEFORMING STAPLES FROM TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAPLE CARTRIDGES WITH THE SAME SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168615;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,893, entitled BILATERALLY ASYMMETRIC STAPLE-FORMING POCKET PAIRS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168594;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,929, entitled CLOSURE MEMBERS WITH CAM SURFACE ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SEPARATE AND DISTINCT CLOSURE AND FIRING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168626;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,911, entitled SURGICAL STAPLERS WITH INDEPENDENTLY ACTUATABLE CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168612;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,927, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH SMART STAPLE CARTRIDGES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168625;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,917, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING STAPLES WITH DIFFERENT CLAMPING BREADTHS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168617;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,900, entitled STAPLE-FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS COMPRISING PRIMARY SIDEWALLS AND POCKET SIDEWALLS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168601;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,931, entitled NO-CARTRIDGE AND SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168627;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,915, entitled FIRING MEMBER PIN ANGLE, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168616;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,897, entitled STAPLE-FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS COMPRISING ZONED FORMING SURFACE GROOVES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168598;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,922, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FAILURE RESPONSE MODES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168622;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,924, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH PRIMARY AND SAFETY PROCESSORS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168624;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,910, entitled ANVIL HAVING A KNIFE SLOT WIDTH, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168611;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,903, entitled CLOSURE MEMBER ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168604;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,906, entitled FIRING MEMBER PIN CONFIGURATIONS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168607;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,188, entitled STEPPED STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH ASYMMETRICAL STAPLES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168585;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,192, entitled STEPPED STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH TISSUE RETENTION AND GAP SETTING FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168643;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,206, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH DEFORMABLE DRIVER RETENTION FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168586;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,226, entitled DURABILITY FEATURES FOR END EFFECTORS AND FIRING ASSEMBLIES OF SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168648;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,222, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS HAVING END EFFECTORS WITH POSITIVE OPENING FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168647;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,236, entitled CONNECTION PORTIONS FOR DEPOSABLE LOADING UNITS FOR SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168650;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,887, entitled METHOD FOR ATTACHING A SHAFT ASSEMBLY TO A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT AND, ALTERNATIVELY, TO A SURGICAL ROBOT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168589;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,889, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A MANUALLY-OPERABLE RETRACTION SYSTEM FOR USE WITH A MOTORIZED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168590;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,890, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING SEPARATELY ACTUATABLE AND RETRACTABLE SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168591;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,891, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A CLUTCH CONFIGURED TO ADAPT THE OUTPUT OF A ROTARY FIRING MEMBER TO TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168592;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,892, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A FIRING MEMBER ROTATABLE INTO AN ARTICULATION STATE TO ARTICULATE AN END EFFECTOR OF THE SURGICAL SYSTEM, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168593;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,894, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKOUT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168595;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,895, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING FIRST AND SECOND ARTICULATION LOCKOUTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168596;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,916, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168575;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,918, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168618;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,919, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168619;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,921, entitled SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH MOVABLE CAMMING MEMBER CONFIGURED TO DISENGAGE FIRING MEMBER LOCKOUT FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168621;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,923, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168623;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,925, entitled JAW ACTUATED LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING ADVANCEMENT OF A FIRING MEMBER IN A SURGICAL END EFFECTOR UNLESS AN UNFIRED CARTRIDGE IS INSTALLED IN THE END EFFECTOR, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168576;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,926, entitled AXIALLY MOVABLE CLOSURE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR APPLYING CLOSURE MOTIONS TO JAWS OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168577;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,928, entitled PROTECTIVE COVER ARRANGEMENTS FOR A JOINT INTERFACE BETWEEN A MOVABLE JAW AND ACTUATOR SHAFT OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168578;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,930, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTOR WITH TWO SEPARATE COOPERATING OPENING FEATURES FOR OPENING AND CLOSING END EFFECTOR JAWS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168579;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,932, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTOR WITH ASYMMETRIC SHAFT ARRANGEMENT, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168628;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,933, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH INDEPENDENT PIVOTABLE LINKAGE DISTAL OF AN ARTICULATION LOCK, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168580;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,934, entitled ARTICULATION LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR LOCKING AN END EFFECTOR IN AN ARTICULATED POSITION IN RESPONSE TO ACTUATION OF A JAW CLOSURE SYSTEM, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168581;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,935, entitled LATERALLY ACTUATABLE ARTICULATION LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR LOCKING AN END EFFECTOR OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT IN AN ARTICULATED CONFIGURATION, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168582;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,936, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATION STROKE AMPLIFICATION FEATURES, U.S. Patent Application Publication No., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018-0168583;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,996, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGES INCLUDING EXTENSIONS HAVING DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0297228;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,006, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE COMPRISING FASTENER CAVITIES INCLUDING FASTENER CONTROL FEATURES, Now U.S. Pat. No. 10,010,324;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,991, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER CARTRIDGES WITH DRIVER STABILIZING ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,833,241;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,004, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH FIRING ELEMENT MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,844,369;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,008, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE COMPRISING NON-UNIFORM FASTENERS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0297232;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,997, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE COMPRISING DEPLOYABLE TISSUE ENGAGING MEMBERS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0297229;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,002, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE COMPRISING TISSUE CONTROL FEATURES, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,877,721;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,013, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE ASSEMBLIES AND STAPLE RETAINER COVER ARRANGEMENTS, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0297233; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/319,016, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE INCLUDING A LAYER ATTACHED THERETO, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0297235.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 24, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,775, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING WIRE STAPLES AND STAMPED STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,807, entitled STAPLING SYSTEM FOR USE WITH WIRE STAPLES AND STAMPED STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,834, entitled STAMPED STAPLES AND STAPLE CARTRIDGES USING THE SAME;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,788, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING OVERDRIVEN STAPLES; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,818, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING OFFSET LONGITUDINAL STAPLE ROWS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 24, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,218, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER;

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,227, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER;

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,259, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER CARTRIDGE; and

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,264, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER CARTRIDGE.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 1, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,325, entitled METHOD FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,321, entitled MODULAR SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A DISPLAY;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,326, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A DISPLAY INCLUDING A RE-ORIENTABLE DISPLAY FIELD;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,263, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE ASSEMBLY WITH RECONFIGURABLE GRIP PORTION;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,262, entitled ROTARY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MANUALLY ACTUATABLE BAILOUT SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,277, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING END EFFECTOR WITH ANVIL CONCENTRIC DRIVE MEMBER;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,296, entitled INTERCHANGEABLE SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLY WITH A SURGICAL END EFFECTOR THAT IS SELECTIVELY ROTATABLE ABOUT A SHAFT AXIS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,258, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A SHIFTABLE TRANSMISSION;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,278, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM CONFIGURED TO PROVIDE SELECTIVE CUTTING OF TISSUE;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,284, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A CONTOURABLE SHAFT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,295, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A TISSUE COMPRESSION LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,300, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING AN UNCLAMPING LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,196, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A JAW CLOSURE LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,203, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A JAW ATTACHMENT LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,210, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,324, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A SHIFTING MECHANISM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,335, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING MULTIPLE LOCKOUTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,339, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,253, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM CONFIGURED TO APPLY ANNULAR ROWS OF STAPLES HAVING DIFFERENT HEIGHTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,304, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A GROOVED FORMING POCKET;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,331, entitled ANVIL MODIFICATION MEMBERS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,336, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES WITH ATRAUMATIC FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,312, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INCISABLE TISSUE SUPPORT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,309, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING ROTARY FIRING SYSTEM; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,349, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING LOAD CONTROL.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Dec. 31, 2015 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,488, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR BATTERY PACK FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,525, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,552, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SEPARABLE MOTORS AND MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITS.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Feb. 9, 2016 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,220, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATING AND AXIALLY TRANSLATABLE END EFFECTOR;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,228, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIPLE LINK ARTICULATION ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,196, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ARTICULATION MECHANISM WITH SLOTTED SECONDARY CONSTRAINT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,206, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH AN END EFFECTOR THAT IS HIGHLY ARTICULATABLE RELATIVE TO AN ELONGATE SHAFT ASSEMBLY;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,215, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH NON-SYMMETRICAL ARTICULATION ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,227, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SINGLE ARTICULATION LINK ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,235, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH TENSIONING ARRANGEMENTS FOR CABLE DRIVEN ARTICULATION SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,230, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-AXIS FIRING BEAM ARRANGEMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,245, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION ARRANGEMENTS.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Feb. 12, 2016 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,254, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,259, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,275, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,289, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Jun. 18, 2015 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,925, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH POSITIVE JAW OPENING ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,941, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH DUAL CAM ACTUATED JAW CLOSING FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,914, entitled MOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,900, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH COMPOSITE FIRING BEAM STRUCTURES WITH CENTER FIRING SUPPORT MEMBER FOR ARTICULATION SUPPORT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,885, entitled DUAL ARTICULATION DRIVE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,876, entitled PUSH/PULL ARTICULATION DRIVE SYSTEMS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 6, 2015 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,746, entitled POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256184;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,795, entitled MULTIPLE LEVEL THRESHOLDS TO MODIFY OPERATION OF POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/02561185;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,832, entitled ADAPTIVE TISSUE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES TO ADJUST CLOSURE RATES FOR MULTIPLE TISSUE TYPES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256154;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,935, entitled OVERLAID MULTI SENSOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) ELECTRODE SYSTEM TO MEASURE TISSUE COMPRESSION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256071;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,831, entitled MONITORING SPEED CONTROL AND PRECISION INCREMENTING OF MOTOR FOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256153;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,859, entitled TIME DEPENDENT EVALUATION OF SENSOR DATA TO DETERMINE STABILITY, CREEP, AND VISCOELASTIC ELEMENTS OF MEASURES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256187;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,817, entitled INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256186;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,844, entitled CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND SUB-PROCESSOR CONTAINED WITHIN MODULAR SHAFT WITH SELECT CONTROL PROCESSING FROM HANDLE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256155;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,837, entitled SMART SENSORS WITH LOCAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256163;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,765, entitled SYSTEM FOR DETECTING THE MIS-INSERTION OF A STAPLE CARTRIDGE INTO A SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256160;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,799, entitled SIGNAL AND POWER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM POSITIONED ON A ROTATABLE SHAFT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256162; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,780, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A LOCKABLE BATTERY HOUSING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256161.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Feb. 27, 2015, and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,576, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INSPECTION STATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249919;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,546, entitled SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO ASSESS WHETHER A PERFORMANCE PARAMETER OF THE SURGICAL APPARATUS IS WITHIN AN ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE BAND, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249915;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,560, entitled SURGICAL CHARGING SYSTEM THAT CHARGES AND/OR CONDITIONS ONE OR MORE BATTERIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249910;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,566, entitled CHARGING SYSTEM THAT ENABLES EMERGENCY RESOLUTIONS FOR CHARGING A BATTERY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249918;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,555, entitled SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WHETHER A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT NEEDS TO BE SERVICED, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249916;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,542, entitled REINFORCED BATTERY FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249908;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,548, entitled POWER ADAPTER FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249909;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,526, entitled ADAPTABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249945;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,541, entitled MODULAR STAPLING ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249927; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,562, entitled SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO TRACK AN END-OF-LIFE PARAMETER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249917.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Dec. 18, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,478, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR AND MEANS FOR ADJUSTING THE FIRING STROKE OF A FIRING MEMBER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174977;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,483, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING LOCKABLE SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174969;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,139, entitled DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174978;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,148, entitled LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES WITH ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTORS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174976;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,130, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AN ANVIL THAT IS SELECTIVELY MOVABLE ABOUT A DISCRETE NON-MOVABLE AXIS RELATIVE TO A STAPLE CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174972;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,143, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH IMPROVED CLOSURE ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174983;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,117, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS AND MOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174975;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,154, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS AND IMPROVED FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174973;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,493, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FLEXIBLE ARTICULATION SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174970; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,500, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKABLE ARTICULATION SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174971.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 1, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,295, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CONDUCTIVE PATHWAYS FOR SIGNAL COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246471;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,323, entitled ROTARY POWERED ARTICULATION JOINTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246472;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,338, entitled THUMBWHEEL SWITCH ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0249557;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,499, entitled ELECTROMECHANICAL SURGICAL DEVICE WITH SIGNAL RELAY ARRANGEMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,358,003;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,460, entitled MULTIPLE PROCESSOR MOTOR CONTROL FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246478;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,358, entitled JOYSTICK SWITCH ASSEMBLIES FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,326,767;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,481, entitled SENSOR STRAIGHTENED END EFFECTOR DURING REMOVAL THROUGH TROCAR, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,468,438;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,518, entitled CONTROL METHODS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH REMOVABLE IMPLEMENT PORTIONS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246475;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,375, entitled ROTARY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,398,911; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,536, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SOFT STOP, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,307,986.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 14, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,097, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263542;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,193, entitled CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE MEMBER OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,332,987;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,053, entitled INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263564;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,210, entitled SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263538;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,148, entitled MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263554;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,066, entitled DRIVE SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263565;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,117, entitled ARTICULATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,726;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,130, entitled DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,727; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,159, entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0277017.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent application that was filed on Mar. 7, 2014 and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/200,111, entitled CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263539.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 26, 2014 and are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,106, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272582;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,099, entitled STERILIZATION VERIFICATION CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272581;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,094, entitled VERIFICATION OF NUMBER OF BATTERY EXCHANGES/PROCEDURE COUNT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272580;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,117, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SLEEP OPTIONS OF SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND WAKE UP CONTROL, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272574;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,075, entitled MODULAR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272579;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,093, entitled FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS FOR MANUAL BAILOUT SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272569;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,116, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT UTILIZING SENSOR ADAPTATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272571;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,071, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT HAVING A SAFETY PROCESSOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272578;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,097, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272570;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,126, entitled INTERFACE SYSTEMS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272572;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,133, entitled MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272557;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,081, entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A SEGMENTED CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0277471;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,076, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND VARIABLE VOLTAGE PROTECTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0280424;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,111, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272583; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,125, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0280384.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Sep. 5, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,103, entitled CIRCUITRY AND SENSORS FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066912;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,119, entitled ADJUNCT WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS TO QUANTIFY TISSUE COMPRESSION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066914;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,908, entitled MONITORING DEVICE DEGRADATION BASED ON COMPONENT EVALUATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066910;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,895, entitled MULTIPLE SENSORS WITH ONE SENSOR AFFECTING A SECOND SENSOR'S OUTPUT OR INTERPRETATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066909;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,110, entitled POLARITY OF HALL MAGNET TO DETECT MISLOADED CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066915;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,098, entitled SMART CARTRIDGE WAKE UP OPERATION AND DATA RETENTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066911;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,115, entitled MULTIPLE MOTOR CONTROL FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066916; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,108, entitled LOCAL DISPLAY OF TISSUE PARAMETER STABILIZATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066913.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 9, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,590, entitled MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKABLE DUAL DRIVE SHAFTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305987;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,581, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CLOSING DRIVE AND A FIRING DRIVE OPERATED FROM THE SAME ROTATABLE OUTPUT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305989;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,595, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT INCLUDING SWITCHES FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF THE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305988;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,588, entitled POWERED LINEAR SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0309666;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,591, entitled TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305991;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,584, entitled MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ALIGNMENT FEATURES FOR ALIGNING ROTARY DRIVE SHAFTS WITH SURGICAL END EFFECTOR SHAFTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305994;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,587, entitled POWERED SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0309665;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,586, entitled DRIVE SYSTEM DECOUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305990; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,607, entitled MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH STATUS INDICATION ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305992.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 16, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,365, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY A SINGLE MOTOR;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,376, entitled LINEAR CUTTER WITH POWER;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,382, entitled LINEAR CUTTER WITH MOTOR AND PISTOL GRIP;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,385, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE WITH MULTIPLE ACTUATION MOTORS AND MOTOR CONTROL; and

U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,372, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY A SINGLE MOTOR.

Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Well-known operations, components, and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments described in the specification. The reader will understand that the embodiments described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and illustrative. Variations and changes thereto may be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a surgical system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, an element of a system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Various exemplary devices and methods are provided for performing laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, the reader will readily appreciate that the various methods and devices disclosed herein can be used in numerous surgical procedures and applications including, for example, in connection with open surgical procedures. As the present Detailed Description proceeds, the reader will further appreciate that the various instruments disclosed herein can be inserted into a body in any way, such as through a natural orifice, through an incision or puncture hole formed in tissue, etc. The working portions or end effector portions of the instruments can be inserted directly into a patient's body or can be inserted through an access device that has a working channel through which the end effector and elongate shaft of a surgical instrument can be advanced.

A surgical stapling system can comprise a shaft and an end effector extending from the shaft. The end effector comprises a first jaw and a second jaw. The first jaw comprises a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge is insertable into and removable from the first jaw; however, other embodiments are envisioned in which a staple cartridge is not removable from, or at least readily replaceable from, the first jaw. The second jaw comprises an anvil configured to deform staples ejected from the staple cartridge. The second jaw is pivotable relative to the first jaw about a closure axis; however, other embodiments are envisioned in which the first jaw is pivotable relative to the second jaw. The surgical stapling system further comprises an articulation joint configured to permit the end effector to be rotated, or articulated, relative to the shaft. The end effector is rotatable about an articulation axis extending through the articulation joint. Other embodiments are envisioned which do not include an articulation joint.

The staple cartridge comprises a cartridge body. The cartridge body includes a proximal end, a distal end, and a deck extending between the proximal end and the distal end. In use, the staple cartridge is positioned on a first side of the tissue to be stapled and the anvil is positioned on a second side of the tissue. The anvil is moved toward the staple cartridge to compress and clamp the tissue against the deck. Thereafter, staples removably stored in the cartridge body can be deployed into the tissue. The cartridge body includes staple cavities defined therein wherein staples are removably stored in the staple cavities. The staple cavities are arranged in six longitudinal rows. Three rows of staple cavities are positioned on a first side of a longitudinal slot and three rows of staple cavities are positioned on a second side of the longitudinal slot. Other arrangements of staple cavities and staples may be possible.

The staples are supported by staple drivers in the cartridge body. The drivers are movable between a first, or unfired position, and a second, or fired, position to eject the staples from the staple cavities. The drivers are retained in the cartridge body by a retainer which extends around the bottom of the cartridge body and includes resilient members configured to grip the cartridge body and hold the retainer to the cartridge body. The drivers are movable between their unfired positions and their fired positions by a sled. The sled is movable between a proximal position adjacent the proximal end and a distal position adjacent the distal end. The sled comprises a plurality of ramped surfaces configured to slide under the drivers and lift the drivers, and the staples supported thereon, toward the anvil.

Further to the above, the sled is moved distally by a firing member. The firing member is configured to contact the sled and push the sled toward the distal end. The longitudinal slot defined in the cartridge body is configured to receive the firing member. The anvil also includes a slot configured to receive the firing member. The firing member further comprises a first cam which engages the first jaw and a second cam which engages the second jaw. As the firing member is advanced distally, the first cam and the second cam can control the distance, or tissue gap, between the deck of the staple cartridge and the anvil. The firing member also comprises a knife configured to incise the tissue captured intermediate the staple cartridge and the anvil. It is desirable for the knife to be positioned at least partially proximal to the ramped surfaces such that the staples are ejected ahead of the knife.

FIGS. 1 and 3 depict a motor-driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument 1010 that may or may not be reused. In the illustrated embodiment, the instrument 1010 includes a previous housing 1012 that comprises a handle 1014 that is configured to be grasped, manipulated and actuated by the clinician. The housing 1012 is configured for operable attachment to an interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 that has a surgical end effector 1300 operably coupled thereto that is configured to perform one or more surgical tasks or procedures. As the present Detailed Description proceeds, it will be understood that the various forms of interchangeable shaft assemblies disclosed herein may also be effectively employed in connection with robotically-controlled surgical systems. Thus, the term “housing” may also encompass a housing or similar portion of a robotic system that houses or otherwise operably supports at least one drive system that is configured to generate and apply at least one control motion which could be used to actuate the interchangeable shaft assemblies disclosed herein and their respective equivalents. In addition, various components may be “housed” or contained in the housing or various components may be “associated with” a housing. In such instances, the components may not be contained with the housing or supported directly by the housing. The term “frame” may refer to a portion of a handheld surgical instrument. The term “frame” may also represent a portion of a robotically controlled surgical instrument and/or a portion of the robotic system that may be used to operably control a surgical instrument. For example, the interchangeable shaft assemblies disclosed herein may be employed with various robotic systems, instruments, components and methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, that is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

The previous housing 1012 depicted in FIG. 1 is shown in connection with an interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 (FIGS. 2, 4 and 5) that includes an end effector 1300 that comprises a surgical cutting and fastening device that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge 4000 therein. The housing 1012 may be configured for use in connection with interchangeable shaft assemblies that include end effectors that are adapted to support different sizes and types of staple cartridges, have different shaft lengths, sizes, and types, etc. In addition, the housing 1012 may also be effectively employed with a variety of other interchangeable shaft assemblies including those assemblies that are configured to apply other motions and forms of energy such as, for example, radio frequency (RF) energy, ultrasonic energy and/or motion to end effector arrangements adapted for use in connection with various surgical applications and procedures. Furthermore, the end effectors, shaft assemblies, handles, surgical instruments, and/or surgical instrument systems can utilize any suitable fastener, or fasteners, to fasten tissue. For instance, a fastener cartridge comprising a plurality of fasteners removably stored therein can be removably inserted into and/or attached to the end effector of a shaft assembly.

FIG. 1 illustrates the surgical instrument 1010 that includes an interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 operably coupled to the housing 1012. FIG. 2 illustrates the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 detached from the housing 1012 or handle 1014. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the handle 1014 may comprise a pair of interconnectable handle housing segments 1016 and 1018 that may be interconnected by screws, snap features, adhesive, etc. In the illustrated arrangement, the handle housing segments 1016, 1018 cooperate to form a pistol grip portion 1019 that can be gripped and manipulated by the clinician. As will be discussed in further detail below, the handle 1014 operably supports a plurality of drive systems therein that are configured to generate and apply various control motions to corresponding portions of the interchangeable shaft assembly that is operably attached thereto.

Referring now to FIG. 3, the handle 1014 may further include a frame 1020 that operably supports a plurality of drive systems. For example, the frame 1020 can operably support a “first” or closure drive system, generally designated as 1030, which may be employed to apply closing and opening motions to the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 that is operably attached or coupled thereto. In at least one form, the closure drive system 1030 may include an actuator in the form of a closure trigger 1032 that is pivotally supported by the frame 1020. More specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the closure trigger 1032 is pivotally coupled to the housing 1014 by a pin 1033. Such arrangement enables the closure trigger 1032 to be manipulated by a clinician such that when the clinician grips the pistol grip portion 1019 of the handle 1014, the closure trigger 1032 may be easily pivoted from a starting or “unactuated” position to an “actuated” position and more particularly to a fully compressed or fully actuated position. The closure trigger 1032 may be biased into the unactuated position by spring or other biasing arrangement (not shown). In various forms, the closure drive system 1030 further includes a closure linkage assembly 1034 that is pivotally coupled to the closure trigger 1032. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the closure linkage assembly 1034 may include a first closure link 1036 and a second closure link 1038 that are pivotally coupled to the closure trigger 1032 by a pin 1035. The second closure link 1038 may also be referred to herein as an “attachment member” and include a transverse attachment pin 1037.

Still referring to FIG. 3, it can be observed that the first closure link 1036 may have a locking wall or end 1039 thereon that is configured to cooperate with a closure release assembly 1060 that is pivotally coupled to the frame 1020. In at least one form, the closure release assembly 1060 may comprise a release button assembly 1062 that has a distally protruding locking pawl 1064 formed thereon. The release button assembly 1062 may be pivoted in a counterclockwise direction by a release spring (not shown). As the clinician depresses the closure trigger 1032 from its unactuated position towards the pistol grip portion 1019 of the handle 1014, the first closure link 1036 pivots upward to a point wherein the locking pawl 1064 drops into retaining engagement with the locking wall 1039 on the first closure link 1036 thereby preventing the closure trigger 1032 from returning to the unactuated position. Thus, the closure release assembly 1060 serves to lock the closure trigger 1032 in the fully actuated position. When the clinician desires to unlock the closure trigger 1032 to permit it to be biased to the unactuated position, the clinician simply pivots the closure release button assembly 1062 such that the locking pawl 1064 is moved out of engagement with the locking wall 1039 on the first closure link 1036. When the locking pawl 1064 has been moved out of engagement with the first closure link 1036, the closure trigger 1032 may pivot back to the unactuated position. Other closure trigger locking and release arrangements may also be employed.

An arm 1061 may extend from the closure release button 1062. A magnetic element 1063, such as a permanent magnet, for example, may be mounted to the arm 1061. When the closure release button 1062 is rotated from its first position to its second position, the magnetic element 1063 can move toward a circuit board 1100. The circuit board 1100 can include at least one sensor that is configured to detect the movement of the magnetic element 1063. In at least one embodiment, for example, a “Hall Effect” sensor (not shown) can be mounted to the bottom surface of the circuit board 1100. The Hall Effect sensor can be configured to detect changes in a magnetic field surrounding the Hall Effect sensor caused by the movement of the magnetic element 1063. The Hall Effect sensor can be in signal communication with a microcontroller, for example, which can determine whether the closure release button 1062 is in its first position, which is associated with the unactuated position of the closure trigger 1032 and the open configuration of the end effector, its second position, which is associated with the actuated position of the closure trigger 1032 and the closed configuration of the end effector, and/or any position between the first position and the second position.

In at least one form, the handle 1014 and the frame 1020 may operably support another drive system referred to herein as a firing drive system 1080 that is configured to apply firing motions to corresponding portions of the interchangeable shaft assembly attached thereto. The firing drive system may 1080 also be referred to herein as a “second drive system”. The firing drive system 1080 may employ an electric motor 1082 that is located in the pistol grip portion 1019 of the handle 1014. In various forms, the motor 1082 may be a DC brushed driving motor having a maximum rotation of, approximately, 25,000 RPM, for example. In other arrangements, the motor may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. The motor 1082 may be powered by a power source 1090 that in one form may comprise a removable power pack 1092. As can be seen in FIG. 3, for example, the power pack 1092 may comprise a proximal housing portion 1094 that is configured for attachment to a distal housing portion 1096. The proximal housing portion 1094 and the distal housing portion 1096 are configured to operably support a plurality of batteries 1098 therein. Batteries 1098 may each comprise, for example, a Lithium Ion (“LI”) or other suitable battery. The distal housing portion 1096 is configured for removable operable attachment to the circuit board assembly 1100 which is also operably coupled to the motor 1082. A number of batteries 1098 may be connected in series may be used as the power source for the surgical instrument 1010. In addition, the power source 1090 may be replaceable and/or rechargeable.

As outlined above with respect to other various forms, the electric motor 1082 can include a rotatable shaft (not shown) that operably interfaces with a gear reducer assembly 1084 that is mounted in meshing engagement with a with a set, or rack, of drive teeth 1122 on a longitudinally-movable drive member 1120. In use, a voltage polarity provided by the power source 1090 can operate the electric motor 1082 in a clockwise direction wherein the voltage polarity applied to the electric motor by the battery can be reversed in order to operate the electric motor 1082 in a counter-clockwise direction. When the electric motor 1082 is rotated in one direction, the drive member 1120 will be axially driven in the distal direction “DD”. When the motor 82 is driven in the opposite rotary direction, the drive member 1120 will be axially driven in a proximal direction “PD”. The handle 1014 can include a switch which can be configured to reverse the polarity applied to the electric motor 1082 by the power source 1090. As with the other forms described herein, the handle 1014 can also include a sensor that is configured to detect the position of the drive member 1120 and/or the direction in which the drive member 1120 is being moved.

Actuation of the motor 1082 can be controlled by a firing trigger 1130 that is pivotally supported on the handle 1014. The firing trigger 1130 may be pivoted between an unactuated position and an actuated position. The firing trigger 1130 may be biased into the unactuated position by a spring 1132 or other biasing arrangement such that when the clinician releases the firing trigger 1130, it may be pivoted or otherwise returned to the unactuated position by the spring 1132 or biasing arrangement. In at least one form, the firing trigger 1130 can be positioned “outboard” of the closure trigger 132 as was discussed above. In at least one form, a firing trigger safety button 1134 may be pivotally mounted to the closure trigger 1032 by pin 1035. The safety button 1134 may be positioned between the firing trigger 1130 and the closure trigger 1032 and have a pivot arm 1136 protruding therefrom. See FIG. 21. When the closure trigger 1032 is in the unactuated position, the safety button 1134 is contained in the handle 1014 where the clinician cannot readily access it and move it between a safety position preventing actuation of the firing trigger 1130 and a firing position wherein the firing trigger 1130 may be fired. As the clinician depresses the closure trigger 1032, the safety button 1134 and the firing trigger 1130 pivot down wherein they can then be manipulated by the clinician.

As indicated above, in at least one form, the longitudinally movable drive member 1120 has a rack of teeth 1122 formed thereon for meshing engagement with a corresponding drive gear 1086 of the gear reducer assembly 1084. At least one form also includes a manually-actuatable “bailout” assembly 1140 that is configured to enable the clinician to manually retract the longitudinally movable drive member 1120 should the motor 1082 become disabled. The bailout assembly 1140 may include a lever or bailout handle assembly 1142 that is configured to be manually pivoted into ratcheting engagement with teeth 1124 also provided in the drive member 1120. Thus, the clinician can manually retract the drive member 1120 by using the bailout handle assembly 1142 to ratchet the drive member 1120 in the proximal direction “PD”. U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,045, entitled POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM, discloses bailout arrangements and other components, arrangements and systems that may also be employed with the various instruments disclosed herein. U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,045, is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Turning now to FIGS. 2 and 5, the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 includes a surgical end effector 1300 that comprises an elongate channel 1310 that is configured to operably support a staple cartridge 4000 therein. The end effector 1300 may further include an anvil 2000 that is pivotally supported relative to the elongate channel 1310. The interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 may further include an articulation joint 3020 and an articulation lock 2140 which can be configured to releasably hold the end effector 1300 in a desired position relative to a shaft axis SA. Examples of various features of at least one form of the end effector 1300, the articulation joint 3020 and articulation locks may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK. The entire disclosure of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 13/803,086, filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK is hereby incorporated by reference herein. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 can further include a proximal housing or nozzle 1201 comprised of nozzle portions 1202 and 1203.

The interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 can further include a closure system or closure member assembly 3000 which can be utilized to close and/or open the anvil 2000 of the end effector 1300. The shaft assembly 1200 can include a spine 1210 that is configured to, one, slidably support a firing member therein and, two, slidably support the closure member assembly 3000 which extends around the spine 1210. As can be seen in FIG. 5, a distal end 1211 of spine 1210 terminates in an upper lug mount feature 1270 and in a lower lug mount feature 1280. The upper lug mount feature 1270 is formed with a lug slot 1272 therein that is adapted to mountingly support an upper mounting link 1274 therein. Similarly, the lower lug mount feature 1280 is formed with a lug slot 1282 therein that is adapted to mountingly support a lower mounting link 1284 therein. The upper mounting link 1274 includes a pivot socket 1276 therein that is adapted to rotatably receive therein a pivot pin 1292 that is formed on a channel cap or anvil retainer 1290 that is attached to a proximal end portion 1312 of the elongate channel 1310. The lower mounting link 1284 includes lower pivot pin 1286 that adapted to be received within a pivot hole 1314 formed in the proximal end portion 1312 of the elongate channel 1310. See FIG. 5. The lower pivot pin 1286 is vertically aligned with the pivot socket 1276 to define an articulation axis AA about which the surgical end effector 1300 may articulate relative to the shaft axis SA. See FIG. 2.

In the illustrated example, the surgical end effector 1300 is selectively articulatable about the articulation axis AA by an articulation system 2100. In one form, the articulation system 2100 includes proximal articulation driver 2102 that is pivotally coupled to an articulation link 2120. As can be most particularly seen in FIG. 5, an offset attachment lug 2114 is formed on a distal end 2112 of the proximal articulation driver 2102. A pivot hole 2116 is formed in the offset attachment lug 2114 and is configured to pivotally receive therein a proximal link pin 2124 formed on the proximal end 2122 of the articulation link 3020. A distal end 2126 of the articulation link 2120 includes a pivot hole 2128 that is configured to pivotally receive therein a channel pin 1317 formed on the proximal end portion 1312 of the elongate channel 1310. Thus, axial movement of proximal articulation driver 2102 will thereby apply articulation motions to the elongate channel 1310 to thereby cause the surgical end effector 1300 to articulate about the articulation axis AA relative to the spine assembly 1210. Further details concerning the construction and operation of the articulation system 2100 may be found in various references incorporated by reference herein including U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/635,631, filed Jun. 28, 2017, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AXIALLY MOVABLE CLOSURE MEMBER, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. In various circumstances, the proximal articulation driver 2102 can be held in position by an articulation lock 2140 when the proximal articulation driver 2102 is not being moved in the proximal or distal directions. Additional details regarding an example of an articulation lock 2140 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/635,631 as well as in other references incorporated by reference herein.

In various circumstances, the spine 1210 can comprise a proximal end 1211 which is rotatably supported in a chassis 1240. In one arrangement, for example, the proximal end 1211 of the spine 1210 has a thread 1214 formed thereon for threaded attachment to a spine bearing 1216 configured to be supported within the chassis 1240. See FIG. 4. Such an arrangement facilitates rotatable attachment of the spine 1210 to the chassis 1240 such that the spine 1210 may be selectively rotated about a shaft axis SA relative to the chassis 1240.

Referring primarily to FIG. 4, the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 includes a closure shuttle 1250 that is slidably supported within the chassis 1240 such that it may be axially moved relative thereto. The closure shuttle 1250 includes a pair of proximally-protruding hooks 1252 that are configured for attachment to the attachment pin 1037 (FIGS. 2 and 3) that is attached to the second closure link 1038 as will be discussed in further detail below. In at least one example, the closure member assembly 3000 comprises a proximal closure member segment 3010 that has a proximal end 3012 that is coupled to the closure shuttle 1250 for relative rotation thereto. For example, a U shaped connector 1263 is inserted into an annular slot 3014 in the proximal end 3012 of the proximal closure member segment 3010 and is retained within vertical slots 1253 in the closure shuttle 1250. Such an arrangement serves to attach the proximal closure tube segment 3010 to the closure shuttle 1250 for axial travel therewith while enabling the proximal closure tube segment 3010 to rotate relative to the closure shuttle 1250 about the shaft axis SA. A closure spring 1268 is journaled on the proximal closure tube segment 3010 and serves to bias the proximal closure tube segment 3010 in the proximal direction “PD” which can serve to pivot the closure trigger 1032 into the unactuated position when the shaft assembly is operably coupled to the handle 1014.

In at least one form, the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 may further include an articulation joint 3020. Other interchangeable shaft assemblies, however, may not be capable of articulation. As can be seen in FIG. 5, for example, a distal closure member or distal closure tube segment 3030 is coupled to the distal end of the proximal closure member or proximal closure tube segment 3010. The articulation joint 3020 includes a double pivot closure sleeve assembly 3022. According to various forms, the double pivot closure sleeve assembly 3022 includes an end effector closure tube 3050 having upper and lower distally projecting tangs 3052, 3054. An upper double pivot link 3056 includes upwardly projecting distal and proximal pivot pins that engage respectively an upper distal pin hole in the upper proximally projecting tang 3052 and an upper proximal pin hole in an upper distally projecting tang 3032 on the distal closure tube segment 3030. A lower double pivot link 3058 includes upwardly projecting distal and proximal pivot pins that engage respectively a lower distal pin hole in the lower proximally projecting tang 3054 and a lower proximal pin hole in the lower distally projecting tang 3034. See FIGS. 4 and 5. As will be discussed in further detail below, the closure tube assembly 3000 is translated distally (direction “DD”) to close the anvil 2000, for example, in response to the actuation of the closure trigger 1032. The anvil 2000 is opened by proximally translating the closure tube assembly 3000 which causes the end effector closure sleeve to interact with the anvil 2000 and pivot it to an open position.

As was also indicated above, the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 further includes a firing member 1900 that is supported for axial travel within the shaft spine 1210. The firing member includes an intermediate firing shaft portion 1222 that is configured for attachment to a distal cutting portion or knife bar 1910. The intermediate firing shaft portion 1222 may include a longitudinal slot 1223 in the distal end thereof which can be configured to receive a tab 1912 on the proximal end of the distal knife bar 1910. The longitudinal slot 1223 and the proximal end tab 1912 can be sized and configured to permit relative movement therebetween and can comprise a slip joint. The slip joint 1914 can permit the intermediate firing shaft portion 1222 of the firing drive to be moved to articulate the end effector 1300 without moving, or at least substantially moving, the knife bar 1910. Once the end effector 1300 has been suitably oriented, the intermediate firing shaft portion 1222 can be advanced distally until a proximal sidewall of the longitudinal slot 1223 comes into contact with the tab 1912 in order to advance the knife bar 1910 and fire the staple cartridge 4000 positioned within the channel 1310. The knife bar 1910 includes a knife portion 1920 that includes a blade or tissue cutting edge 1922 and includes an upper anvil engagement tab 1924 and lower channel engagement tabs 1926. Various firing member configurations and operations are disclosed in various other references incorporated herein by reference.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the shaft assembly 1200 further includes a switch drum 1500 that is rotatably received on the closure tube 1260. The switch drum 1500 comprises a hollow shaft segment 1502 that has a shaft boss formed thereon for receive an outwardly protruding actuation pin therein. In various circumstances, the actuation pin extends through a longitudinal slot provided in the lock sleeve to facilitate axial movement of the lock sleeve when it is engaged with the articulation driver. A rotary torsion spring 1420 is configured to engage the boss on the switch drum 1500 and a portion of the nozzle housing 1203 to apply a biasing force to the switch drum 1500. The switch drum 1500 can further comprise at least partially circumferential openings 1506 defined therein which can be configured to receive circumferential mounts extending from the nozzle halves 1202, 1203 and permit relative rotation, but not translation, between the switch drum 1500 and the proximal nozzle 1201. The mounts also extend through openings 3011 in the proximal closure tube segment 3010 to be seated in recesses 1219 in the spine shaft 1210. Rotation of the switch drum 1500 about the shaft axis SA will ultimately result in the rotation of the actuation pin and the lock sleeve between its engaged and disengaged positions. In one arrangement, the rotation of the switch drum 1500 may be linked to the axial advancement of the closure tube or closure member. Thus, in essence, actuation of the closure system may operably engage and disengage the articulation drive system with the firing drive system in the various manners described in further detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,913,642, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A SENSOR SYSTEM, the entire disclosures of each being hereby incorporated by reference herein. For example, when the closure tube is in its proximal-most position corresponding to a “jaws open” position, the closure tube segment 3010 will have positioned the switch drum 1500 so as to link the articulation system with the firing drive system. When, the closure tube has been moved to its distal position corresponding to a “jaws closed” position, the closure tube has rotated the switch drum 1500 to a position wherein the articulation system is delinked from the firing drive system.

As also illustrated in FIG. 4, the shaft assembly 1200 can comprise a slip ring assembly 1600 which can be configured to conduct electrical power to and/or from the end effector 1300 and/or communicate signals to and/or from the end effector 1300, for example. The slip ring assembly 1600 can comprise a proximal connector flange 1604 that is mounted to a chassis flange 1242 that extends from the chassis 1240 and a distal connector flange that is positioned within a slot defined in the shaft housings. The proximal connector flange 1604 can comprise a first face and the distal connector flange can comprise a second face which is positioned adjacent to and movable relative to the first face. The distal connector flange can rotate relative to the proximal connector flange 1604 about the shaft axis SA. The proximal connector flange 1604 can comprise a plurality of concentric, or at least substantially concentric, conductors defined in the first face thereof. A connector can be mounted on the proximal side of the connector flange and may have a plurality of contacts wherein each contact corresponds to and is in electrical contact with one of the conductors. Such an arrangement permits relative rotation between the proximal connector flange 1604 and the distal connector flange while maintaining electrical contact therebetween. The proximal connector flange 1604 can include an electrical connector 1606 which can place the conductors in signal communication with a shaft circuit board 1610 mounted to the shaft chassis 1240, for example. In at least one instance, a wiring harness comprising a plurality of conductors can extend between the electrical connector 1606 and the shaft circuit board 1610. The electrical connector 1606 may extend proximally through a connector opening 1243 defined in the chassis mounting flange 1242. See FIG. 4. Further details regarding slip ring assembly 1600 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, and U.S. Pat. No. 9,345,481, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, for example. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,345,481 are each hereby incorporated by reference herein in their respective entireties.

As discussed above, the shaft assembly 1200 can include a proximal portion which is fixably mounted to the handle 1014 and a distal portion which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis. The rotatable distal shaft portion can be rotated relative to the proximal portion about the slip ring assembly 1600, as discussed above. The distal connector flange of the slip ring assembly 1600 can be positioned within the rotatable distal shaft portion. Moreover, further to the above, the switch drum 1500 can also be positioned within the rotatable distal shaft portion. When the rotatable distal shaft portion is rotated, the distal connector flange and the switch drum 1500 can be rotated synchronously with one another. In addition, the switch drum 1500 can be rotated between a first position and a second position relative to the distal connector flange. When the switch drum 1500 is in its first position, the articulation drive system may be operably disengaged from the firing drive system and, thus, the operation of the firing drive system may not articulate the end effector 1300 of the shaft assembly 1200. When the switch drum 1500 is in its second position, the articulation drive system may be operably engaged with the firing drive system and, thus, the operation of the firing drive system may articulate the end effector 1300 of the shaft assembly 1200. When the switch drum 1500 is moved between its first position and its second position, the switch drum 1500 is moved relative to distal connector flange. In various instances, the shaft assembly 1200 can comprise at least one sensor configured to detect the position of the switch drum 1500.

Referring again to FIG. 4, the chassis 1240 includes at least one, and preferably two, tapered attachment portions 1244 formed thereon that are adapted to be received within corresponding dovetail slots 1702 formed within a distal attachment flange portion 1700 of the frame 1020. See FIG. 3. Each dovetail slot 1702 may be tapered or, stated another way, be somewhat V-shaped to seatingly receive the attachment portions 1244 therein. As can be further seen in FIG. 22, a shaft attachment lug 1226 is formed on the proximal end of the intermediate firing shaft 1222. As will be discussed in further detail below, when the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 is coupled to the handle 1014, the shaft attachment lug 1226 is received in a firing shaft attachment cradle 1126 formed in the distal end 1125 of the longitudinal drive member 1120. See FIG. 3.

Various shaft assembly embodiments employ a latch system 1710 for removably coupling the shaft assembly 1200 to the housing 1012 and more specifically to the frame 1020. As can be seen in FIG. 4, for example, in at least one form, the latch system 1710 includes a lock member or lock yoke 1712 that is movably coupled to the chassis 1240. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the lock yoke 1712 has a U-shape with two spaced downwardly extending legs 1714. The legs 1714 each have a pivot lug 1715 formed thereon that are adapted to be received in corresponding holes 1245 formed in the chassis 1240. Such arrangement facilitates pivotal attachment of the lock yoke 1712 to the chassis 1240. The lock yoke 1712 may include two proximally protruding lock lugs 1716 that are configured for releasable engagement with corresponding lock detents or grooves 1704 in the distal attachment flange 1700 of the frame 1020. See FIG. 3. In various forms, the lock yoke 1712 is biased in the proximal direction by spring or biasing member (not shown). Actuation of the lock yoke 1712 may be accomplished by a latch button 1722 that is slidably mounted on a latch actuator assembly 1720 that is mounted to the chassis 1240. The latch button 1722 may be biased in a proximal direction relative to the lock yoke 1712. As will be discussed in further detail below, the lock yoke 1712 may be moved to an unlocked position by biasing the latch button the in distal direction which also causes the lock yoke 1712 to pivot out of retaining engagement with the distal attachment flange 1700 of the frame 1020. When the lock yoke 1712 is in “retaining engagement” with the distal attachment flange 1700 of the frame 1020, the lock lugs 1716 are retainingly seated within the corresponding lock detents or grooves 1704 in the distal attachment flange 1700.

When employing an interchangeable shaft assembly that includes an end effector of the type described herein that is adapted to cut and fasten tissue, as well as other types of end effectors, it may be desirable to prevent inadvertent detachment of the interchangeable shaft assembly from the housing during actuation of the end effector. For example, in use the clinician may actuate the closure trigger 1032 to grasp and manipulate the target tissue into a desired position. Once the target tissue is positioned within the end effector 1300 in a desired orientation, the clinician may then fully actuate the closure trigger 1032 to close the anvil 1306 and clamp the target tissue in position for cutting and stapling. In that instance, the first drive system 1030 has been fully actuated. After the target tissue has been clamped in the end effector 1300, it may be desirable to prevent the inadvertent detachment of the shaft assembly 1200 from the housing 1012. One form of the latch system 1710 is configured to prevent such inadvertent detachment.

As can be most particularly seen in FIG. 4, the lock yoke 1712 includes at least one and preferably two lock hooks 1718 that are adapted to contact corresponding lock lug portions 1256 that are formed on the closure shuttle 1250. When the closure shuttle 1250 is in an unactuated position (i.e., the first drive system 1030 is unactuated and the anvil 1306 is open), the lock yoke 1712 may be pivoted in a distal direction to unlock the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 from the housing 1012. When in that position, the lock hooks 1718 do not contact the lock lug portions 1256 on the closure shuttle 1250. However, when the closure shuttle 1250 is moved to an actuated position (i.e., the first drive system 1030 is actuated and the anvil 1306 is in the closed position), the lock yoke 1712 is prevented from being pivoted to an unlocked position. Stated another way, if the clinician were to attempt to pivot the lock yoke 1712 to an unlocked position or, for example, the lock yoke 1712 was in advertently bumped or contacted in a manner that might otherwise cause it to pivot distally, the lock hooks 1718 on the lock yoke 1712 will contact the lock lugs 1256 on the closure shuttle 1250 and prevent movement of the lock yoke 1712 to an unlocked position.

Attachment of the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 to the handle 1014 will now be described. To commence the coupling process, the clinician may position the chassis 1240 of the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 above or adjacent to the distal attachment flange 1700 of the frame 1020 such that the tapered attachment portions 1244 formed on the chassis 1240 are aligned with the dovetail slots 1702 in the frame 1020. The clinician may then move the shaft assembly 1200 along an installation axis that is perpendicular to the shaft axis SA to seat the attachment portions 1244 in “operable engagement” with the corresponding dovetail receiving slots 1702. In doing so, the shaft attachment lug 1226 on the intermediate firing shaft 1222 will also be seated in the cradle 1126 in the longitudinally movable drive member 1120 and the portions of pin 1037 on the second closure link 1038 will be seated in the corresponding hooks 1252 in the closure yoke 1250. As used herein, the term “operable engagement” in the context of two components means that the two components are sufficiently engaged with each other so that upon application of an actuation motion thereto, the components may carry out their intended action, function and/or procedure.

At least five systems of the interchangeable shaft assembly 1200 can be operably coupled with at least five corresponding systems of the handle 1014. A first system can comprise a frame system which couples and/or aligns the frame or spine of the shaft assembly 1200 with the frame 1020 of the handle 1014. Another system can comprise a closure drive system 1030 which can operably connect the closure trigger 1032 of the handle 1014 and the closure tube 1260 and the anvil 2000 of the shaft assembly 1200. As outlined above, the closure tube attachment yoke 1250 of the shaft assembly 1200 can be engaged with the pin 1037 on the second closure link 1038. Another system can comprise the firing drive system 1080 which can operably connect the firing trigger 1130 of the handle 1014 with the intermediate firing shaft 1222 of the shaft assembly 1200. As outlined above, the shaft attachment lug 1226 can be operably connected with the cradle 1126 of the longitudinal drive member 1120. Another system can comprise an electrical system which can signal to a controller in the handle 1014, such as microcontroller, for example, that a shaft assembly, such as shaft assembly 1200, for example, has been operably engaged with the handle 1014 and/or, two, conduct power and/or communication signals between the shaft assembly 1200 and the handle 1014. For instance, the shaft assembly 1200 can include an electrical connector 1810 that is operably mounted to the shaft circuit board 1610. The electrical connector 1810 is configured for mating engagement with a corresponding electrical connector 1800 on the handle control board 1100. Further details regaining the circuitry and control systems may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,142, the entire disclosures of each which were previously incorporated by reference herein. The fifth system may consist of the latching system for releasably locking the shaft assembly 1200 to the handle 1014.

Referring now to FIGS. 5-7, the anvil 2000 in the illustrated example includes an anvil body 2002 that terminates in anvil mounting portion 2010. The anvil mounting portion 2010 is movably or pivotably supported on the elongate channel 1310 for selective pivotal travel relative thereto about a fixed anvil pivot axis PA that is transverse to the shaft axis SA. In the illustrated arrangement, a pivot member or anvil trunnion 2012 extends laterally out of each lateral side of the anvil mounting portion 2010 to be received in a corresponding trunnion cradle 1316 formed in the upstanding walls 1315 of the proximal end portion 1312 of the elongate channel 1310. The anvil trunnions 2012 are pivotally retained in their corresponding trunnion cradle 1316 by the channel cap or anvil retainer 1290. The channel cap or anvil retainer 1290 includes a pair of attachment lugs that are configured to be retainingly received within corresponding lug grooves or notches formed in the upstanding walls 1315 of the proximal end portion 1312 of the elongate channel 1310.

Referring to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, in at least one arrangement, the distal closure member or end effector closure tube 3050 employs two axially offset, proximal and distal positive jaw opening features 3060 and 3062. In FIG. 7, the proximal positive jaw opening feature 2060 is located on the right side (as viewed by a user of the tool assembly) of the shaft axis SA. The positive jaw opening features 3060, 3062 are configured to interact with corresponding relieved areas 3064, 3066 and stepped portions formed on the anvil mounting portion 2010 as described in further detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/635,631, filed Jun. 28, 2017, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AXIALLY MOVABLE CLOSURE MEMBER, the entire disclosure which has been herein incorporated by reference. Other jaw opening arrangements may be employed.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate one form of an anvil 2000 that includes an elongate anvil body portion 2002 that terminates in an mounting portion 2010 that is configured to interact with the end effector closure sleeve 3050 to minimize the amount of resultant forces experienced by the end effector closure tube 3050 as the anvil 2000 is moved from a fully open position to a closed position and ultimately an over-closed position. The anvil body portion 2002 includes a staple-forming undersurface 2004 that has a series of anvil forming pockets (not shown) formed therein. An elongate slot 2006 extends through the body portion 2002 and the mounting portion 2010 to facilitate passage of the knife portion or “firing member” 1920 therethrough. In addition, an anvil cover 2030 is attached to the anvil body 2002 to cover the slot 2006. In various circumstances, the anvil mounting portion 2010 comprises anvil cam surface 2020 formed thereon. The anvil cam surface 2020 is bisected or otherwise split by the elongate slot 2006. As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, a proximal end portion 2032 of the anvil cover 2030 is oriented at an angle that corresponds to the angle/orientation of the anvil cam surfaces 2020. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the anvil 2000 in a fully open position. As can be seen in FIG. 10, the distal or end effector closure tube 3050 is in its proximal most position when the “second jaw” or anvil 2000 is in its fully open position. When in that position, a cam surface 3072 formed on the distal end 3070 of the end effector closure tube 3050 is not applying any closure forces to the cam closure surfaces 2020. As the end effector closure tube 3050 is moved distally, the cam surface 3072 on the end effector closure tube 3050 contacts the cam closure surfaces 2020 on the anvil mounting portion 2010 and a corresponding closure surface 2034 on the proximal end portion 2032 of the anvil cover 2030 to pivot the anvil 2000 into a “closed” position. FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate the positions of the end effector closure tube 3050 and the anvil 2000 when the anvil 2000 is in the closed position.

As the end effector closure tube 3050 continues to be advanced distally to apply additional closure motions to the anvil to ultimately move the anvil to an “over-closed” position, the end effector closure tube may experience significant stress which may, overtime, cause the end effector closure tube to become elongated vertically (when viewed from an end) or, stated another way, become somewhat oval in shape which may ultimately lead to failure or otherwise detrimentally effect the ability to attain a fully closed position. It is axiomatic that when a thin-walled tube or cylinder is subjected to internal pressure, a “hoop” and longitudinal stress are produced in the wall of the tube. This hoop stress is acting circumferential and perpendicular to the axis and radius of the cylinder wall. Such hoop stress may be calculated as:

-   -   σ_(h)=pd/(2t), where:     -   σ_(h)=hoop stress (MPa, psi)     -   p=internal pressure in the tube or cylinder (MPa, psi)     -   d=internal diameter of tube or cylinder (mm, in)     -   t=tube or cylinder wall thickness (mm, in)         End effector closure tubes with various tube wall configurations         have been developed. Examples of such tube configurations are         disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,903, filed         Dec. 21, 2016, entitled CLOSURE MEMBER ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL         INSTRUMENTS, the entire disclosure of which is hereby         incorporated by reference herein.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate one form of an end effector closure tube 3050. The closure tube 3050 comprises an external surface 3074 and an internal wall surface 3076. In at least one form, the closure tube 3050 comprises a constant internal diameter ID and a constant external diameter OD to define a wall thickness CT that is uniform or constant throughout a length of the closure tube 3050 or at least the portion of the closure tube that is configured to interface with the end effector jaws such as the anvil 2000 and the elongate channel 1310.

Returning now to FIG. 12, in at least one arrangement, when the anvil 2000 is in the “closed position”, a clearance distance “CD” may be observed between the staple-forming underside 2004 of the anvil body 2002 and the cartridge deck surface of a cartridge that is supported within the elongate channel 1310 when no tissue is clamped between the anvil 2000 and the cartridge. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13-13 in FIG. 12 across the closure cam surfaces 2020 as well as through a distal end portion of the end effector closure tube 3050 as well as the anvil mounting portion 2020 and the proximal end portion of the elongate channel 1310. As can be seen in that Figure, various closure forces CF are applied to the anvil 2000 and elongate channel 1310 by the end effector closure tube 3050. For example, closure forces CF are applied onto the closure cam surfaces 2020 and the proximal end portion 2032 of the anvil cap 2030 as well as onto the elongate channel 1310.

In the example illustrated in FIGS. 6-15, the anvil mounting portion 2020 is formed to establish a plurality of discrete load transfer locations that are configured to be contacted by the inner surface 3076 of the end effector closure tube 3050 when the end effector closure tube 3050 is in the position corresponding to the closed position of the anvil 2000. In at least one arrangement, at least two discrete load transfer locations are located on each side of a vertical plane VP that bisects the anvil 2000 when the anvil 2000 is in the closed position. For example, in FIG. 13, a first right load transfer location or edge 2070R, a second right load transfer location or edge 2072R, a third right load transfer location or edge 2074R and a fourth right load transfer location or edge 2076R are formed on a right side of the vertical plane VP. Similarly, a first left load transfer location or edge 2070L, a second left load transfer location or edge 2072L, a third left load transfer location or edge 2074L and a fourth left load transfer location or edge 2076L are formed on a left side of the vertical plane VP. As used in this context, the term “at least two discrete load transfer locations” means that the load transfer locations are formed relative to each other so that a space or clearance is formed between the portion of the anvil mounting portion 2010 extending between the load transfer locations and the inner surface 3076 of the end effector closure tube 3050.

For example, a first amount of clearance CR₁ is formed between the inner surface 3076 of the end effector closure tube 3050 extending between the first right load transfer location 2070R and the second right load transfer location 2072R. A second amount of clearance CR₂ is formed between the inner surface of the end effector closure tube 3050 extending between the third right load transfer location 2072R and the third right load transfer location 2074R. A third amount of clearance CR₃ is formed between the third right load transfer location 2074R and the fourth right load transfer location 2076R. A first amount of clearance CL₁ is formed between the inner surface of the end effector closure tube extending between the first left load transfer location 2070L and the second left load transfer location 2072L. A second amount of clearance CL₂ is formed between the inner surface 3076 of the end effector closure tube extending between the second left load transfer location 2072L and the third left load transfer location 2074L. A third amount of clearance CL₃ is formed between the third left load transfer location 2074L and the fourth left load transfer location 2076L. In at least one arrangement, the closure forces CF applied to the closure cam surfaces 2020, as well as the proximal portion 2032 of the anvil cap 2030 may be evenly distributed between the first right load transfer location 2070R and the first left load transfer location 2070L. Likewise, the closure forces CF applied to the elongate channel 1310 may be evenly distributed between the fourth right load transfer location 2076R and the fourth left load transfer location 2076L, for example.

In at least one arrangement, at least two right load transfer locations 2070R, 2072R and at least two left load transfer locations 2070L, 2072L are located on one side of a horizontal plane HP that bisects the end effector 1300. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the two right load transfer locations 2070R, 2072R are located on an opposite side of vertical plane VP from the two left load transfer locations 2070L, 2072L. Also in at least one arrangement, the third right load transfer location 2074R and the fourth right load transfer location 2076R are located on an opposite side of the horizontal plane HP from the first right load transfer location 2070R and the second right load transfer location 2072R. Similarly, third left load transfer location 2074L and the fourth left load transfer location 2076L are located on a opposite side of the horizontal plane HP from the first left load transfer location 2070L and the second left load transfer location 2072L. The right load transfer locations 2074R, 2076R are located on an opposite side of vertical plane VP from the two left load transfer locations 2074L, 2076L. As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 10, the load transfer locations may be formed by scalloped or relieved areas 2080, 2082, 2084 so that the load transfer locations comprise corners formed from adjoining surfaces. Other load transfer location shapes are contemplated.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the anvil 2000 and the end effector closure tube 3050 in an “over-closed” state that is created as the end effector closure tube 3050 is advanced further distally after the anvil 2000 has attained the closed position. In at least one example, the anvil 2000 is in an “over-closed state” when a distal end portion 2003 of the body portion 2002 of the anvil 2000 is in contact with the cartridge deck of the staple cartridge that is operably supported with the elongate channel 1310. See FIG. 14. Continued distal advancement of the end effector closure tube 3050 after the anvil 2000 has attained the closed position may significantly increase the hoop stress formed in the end effector closure tube 3050 which may cause the end effector closure tube to effectually fail or vertically elongate which can detrimentally effect the proper closure of the anvil when used in future applications. As be seen in FIG. 15, the first right amount of clearance CR₁ and the first left amount of clearance CL₁ may each have a clearance width CW₁ that is located on a common side of the horizontal plane HP. The second right amount of clearance CR₂, and the second left amount of clearance CL₂ each span across the horizontal plane HP. Stated another way, portions of the second right amount of clearance CR₂ are located on each side of the horizontal plane HP and portions of the second left amount of clearance CL₂ are located on each side of the horizontal plane HP.

Forming at least two discrete load transfer locations located on each side of the vertical plane may reduce the amount of detrimental hoop stresses established in the end effector closure tube 3050 as it is distally moved into the over-closed position. By forming at least three load transfer locations located on each side of the vertical plane may further reduce the amount of detrimental hoop stresses established in the end effector closure tube 3050 as it is distally moved into the over-closed position. Forming at least four load transfer locations located on each side of the vertical plane may further reduce the amount of detrimental hoop stresses established in the end effector closure tube 3050 as it is distally moved into the over-closed position. Such arrangements therefor enable the end effector closure tube 3050 to be made with a constant wall thickness as described above, which may reduce the amount of manufacturing costs associated with manufacturing the end effector closure tube.

FIGS. 16-22 illustrate an alternative anvil 2000′ that is substantially identical to anvil 2000 described above expect for the differences discussed below. As can be seen in FIG. 16, the anvil mounting portion 2010′ is formed with continuous arcuate anvil camming surfaces 2020′ that are not interrupted by any load transfer locations. FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate the anvil 2000′ in a fully open position. As can be seen in FIG. 17, the end effector closure tube 3050′ is in its proximal most position when the “second jaw” or anvil 2000′ is in its fully open position. When in that position, the end effector closure tube 3050′ is not applying any closure forces to the cam closure surfaces 2020′.

FIG. 23 illustrates one form of an end effector closure tube 3050′ that may be identical to the end effector closure tube 3050 described above, except for the differences noted below. The end effector closure tube 3050′ comprises an external surface 3074′ and an internal wall surface 3076′. In at least one form, the closure tube 3050′ has a constant wall thickness WT₁ except for a segment A_(s) of the wall located at the top of the end effector closure tube 3050′that has a thicker wall thickness WT₂ that is greater than WT₁. Such arrangement forms a single load transfer location 2070′.

FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the positions of the end effector closure tube 3050′ and the anvil 2000′ when the anvil 2000′ is in the closed position. As can be seen in FIG. 20, as the end effector closure tube 3050′ is moved distally, the load transfer location 2070′ on the end effector closure tube 3050′ contacts the cam surface 2034 on the proximal portion 2032 of the anvil cap 2030. The end effector closure tube 3050′ also contacts portions of the elongate channel 1310 on each side of the vertical plane VP that bisects the end effector. The load transfer location 2070′ may span across the entire cam surface 2034 to contact an upper portion of the cam surfaces 2020′ on each side of the vertical plane VP as shown in FIG. 20. When in the closed position shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, such arrangement serves to form a space 3077 between the corresponding portions of the inner surface 3076′ of the end effector closure tube 3050′ and the cam surfaces 2020′ of the anvil mounting portion 2010′ as shown in FIG. 20. The spaces 3077 each extend from the load transfer location 2070′ and the area wherein the inner surface 3076′ contacts the elongate channel 1310 (space distance S_(D)). Thus, when the anvil 2000′ is moved to a closed position, there is a discrete first load transfer location 2070′ located on one side of a horizontal plane HP and two discrete load transfer locations 2072R′, 2072L′ locations located on an opposite side of the horizontal plane HP. The discrete first load transfer location 2070′ is separated from each of the discrete load transfer locations 2072R′, 2072L′ by spaces 3077 when the anvil 2000′ is in the closed position. See FIG. 20. As can also be seen in FIG. 20, the load transfer locations 2072R′, 2072L′ are located on opposite sides of the vertical plane VP.

FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate the interrelationship between the end effector closure tube 3050′ and the anvil 2000′ when the end effector closure tube 3050′ has moved the anvil 2000′ in an over-closed orientation. As can be seen in FIG. 22, when in the over-closed position, the end effector closure tube 3050′ contacts the anvil 2000′ and the elongate channel 1310 to form a discrete load transfer location 2070′ that is separated from discrete load transfer locations 2074R′, 2074L′ by spaces 3079R, 3079L. The discrete load transfer location 2074R′ is separated by the discrete load transfer location 2076R′ by a space 3081R and the discrete load transfer location 2074L′ is separated from a discrete load transfer location 2076L′ by a space 3081L. Thus, in this arrangement, at least one discrete load transfer location (2070′) spans a vertical plane VP that bisects the end effector and at least two discrete load transfer locations span a horizontal plane HP that bisects the end effector. In addition, at least one discrete load transfer location is located on each side of the horizontal plane HP and at least one discrete load transfer location is located on each side of the vertical plane VP. Such arrangement of load transfer locations in the above manner may help to prevent the vertical elongation of the end effector closure tube 3050′.

FIGS. 24-30 illustrate an alternative anvil 2000″ that is substantially identical to anvil 2000 described above expect for the differences discussed below. As can be seen in FIG. 24, the anvil mounting portion 2010″ is formed with an arcuate anvil camming surface 2020″ and right and left notched or recessed portions 2022″. FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate the anvil 2000″ in a fully open position. As can be seen in FIG. 24, the end effector closure tube 3050″ is in its proximal most position when the “second jaw” or anvil 2000″ is in its fully open position. When in that position, the end effector closure tube 3050″ is not applying any closure forces to the cam closure surfaces 2020″. FIG. 30 illustrates one form of an end effector closure tube 3050″ that may be identical to the end effector closure tube 3050 described above, except for the differences noted below. The end effector closure tube 3050″ comprises an external surface 3074″ and an internal wall surface 3076″. In at least one form, the closure tube 3050″ has a first wall thickness WT₁, a second wall thickness WT₂, a third wall thickness WT₃, and a fourth wall thickness WT₄ that are arranged as shown in FIG. 30. In at least one arrangement, for example, WT₁<WT₂<WT₃≤WT₄. In some cases, WT₃>WT_(4.) The portion of the end effector closure tube 3050″ that has a wall thickness corresponding to WT₄ forms a load transfer location 2070″. In the illustrated arrangement, for example, the load transfer location 2070″ spans across a vertical plane VP that bisects the end effector closure tube 3050″. The portions of the end effector closure tube 3050″ that have a wall thickness WT₃ form load transfer locations 2072R″, 2072L″. In at least one arrangement as shown in FIG. 30, the load transfer locations 2072R″, 2072L″ span across a horizontal plane HP that bisects the end effector closure tube 3050″.

Referring now to FIGS. 26 and 27, as the end effector closure tube 3050″ is moved distally, the load transfer location 2070″ contacts the cam surface 2034 on the proximal portion 2032 of the anvil cap 2030. The load transfer locations 2072R″, 2072L″ also contact corresponding portions of the anvil mounting portion 2010″. Also portions of the end effector closure tube 3050″ form load transfer locations 2074R″, 2074L″ that contact corresponding portions of the elongate channel 1310 to move the anvil 2000″ to the closed position shown in FIGS. 26 and 27. When in the closed position shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, such arrangement serves to form a space 3077″, 3079″ between the corresponding portions of the inner surface 3076″ of the end effector closure tube 3050″ and the cam surfaces 2020″ of the anvil mounting portion 2010″ as shown in FIG. 27. The spaces 3077″ are located between the load transfer location 2070″ and the load transfer locations 2072R″, 2072L″. The spaces 3079″ are located between the load transfer locations 2072R″, 2072L″ and the load transfer locations 2074R, 2074L″ as shown in FIG. 27.

FIGS. 28 and 29 illustrate the interrelationship between the end effector closure tube 3050″ and the anvil 2000″ when the end effector closure tube 3050″ has moved the anvil 2000″ into an over-closed orientation. As can be seen in FIG. 29, in addition to the load transfer locations 2070″, 2072R″, 2072L″, 2074R″, 2074L″, discrete load transfer locations 2076R″, 2076L″ are formed by the edge of the recessed portions 2022″formed on the anvil mounting portion 2010″. Such discrete load transfer locations 2076R″, 2076L″ are separated from the corresponding discrete load transfer locations 2072R″. 2072L″ by corresponding spaces 3081″. The provision of the discrete load transfer locations in the above manner may help to prevent the vertical elongation of the end effector closure tube 3050″.

When using an end effector 1300 of the type and construction described herein, a clinician manipulates the first and second jaws (the anvil 2000 and the elongate channel 1310 that has a surgical staple cartridge operably mounted therein), to capture the tissue to be cut and stapled (the “target tissue”) therebetween. As can be seen in FIGS. 5 and 7, for example, a surgical staple cartridge 4000 comprises a cartridge body 4010 that is configured to be removably supported within the elongate channel 1310. The cartridge body 4010 includes an elongate cartridge slot 4016 that extends from a proximal end 4012 through the cartridge body 4010 to a distal end portion 4014 to enable the knife member or firing member 1920 to pass therethrough. The cartridge body 4010 further defines a cartridge deck surface 4020 on each side of the elongate slot 4016. A plurality of staple cavities 4022 are provided in the cartridge body 4010 on each side of the elongate slot 4016. Each cavity 4022 opens through the deck surface 4020 to removably support a surgical staple or staples therein. In at least one cartridge arrangement, three lines of staple cavities 4022 are provided on each side of the elongate slot 4016. The lines are formed such that the staples in a center line are staggered relative to the staples in the two adjacent outer lines. The staples are supported on staple drivers that are movably supported within each staple cavity. In at least some arrangements, the staple drivers are arranged to be contacted or “fired” upward when contacted by a cam member or camming portions associated with the knife member 1920, for example. In some arrangements, a wedge sled or camming sled is movably supported in the cartridge body and is adapted to be axially displaced through the cartridge body as the knife member 1920 is axially deployed through the cartridge from the proximal end portion 4012 to the distal end portion 4014 of the cartridge body 4010. The wedge sled includes a camming member or wedge associated with each line of staple cavities so as to serially deploy the staple drivers supported therein. As the cam contacts a staple driver, the driver is driven upwardly within the staple cavity driving the staple or staples supported thereon out of the staple cavity through the clamped tissue and into forming contact with the staple-forming undersurface of the anvil. The wedge sled or camming member is located distal to the knife or tissue cutting edge of the knife or firing member 1920, so that the tissue is stapled prior to be severed by the tissue cutting edge.

When the clinician initially locates the target tissue between the anvil and the staple cartridge, it is important that the target tissue be located so that the knife does not cut into the target tissue unless it is first stapled. In previous anvil arrangements, tissue stops are provided on the proximal end of the anvil body to prevent the target tissue from moving proximally past the proximal most staple pockets in the staple cartridge. Such tissue stops form abrupt proximal ends that confront or face the distal end of the end effector closure tube. As the closure tube is moved distally to close the anvil, tissue extending outward from between the anvil and the cartridge occasionally will become undesirably pinned or pinched between the proximal ends of the tissue stops and the distal end of the end effector closure tube. The examples disclosed below are configured to minimize the possibility of tissue being pinched between the tissue stops and the end effector closure tube when the anvil is being moved to the closed and over-closed positions in the various manners described herein.

Turning to FIG. 7, for example, the staple cartridge 4000 includes staples (not shown) that are removably supported or stored in each of the proximal most staple cavities 4022P located in the lines of staple cavities 4022 located in the cartridge body 4010 on each side of the elongate slot 4016. In various circumstances, to prevent the target tissue from being clamped proximal to the staples in the proximal most staple cavities 4022P, the anvil 2000 includes two tissue stop members 2040 that protrude downwardly past the staple-forming undersurface on each side of the anvil body. When the anvil is in a closed position or in an over-closed position, each of the tissue stop members 2040 protrude downwardly on each side of the cartridge body 4010. FIG. 7 illustrates the anvil 2000 in an open configuration. As can be seen in that Figure, each of the tissue stops 2040 extend below the cartridge deck surface to prevent the target tissue from extending proximally past the staples in the proximal most staple cavities 4022P. As can be seen in FIGS. 7, 31 and 32, in at least one arrangement, the tissue stops 2040 are integrally formed with the anvil body portion 2002. The anvil body portion 2002 and the proximal ends of the tissue stops 2040 extend slightly above the corresponding camming surfaces 2020 formed on the anvil mounting portion 2010. In the illustrated example, the proximal ends of the tissue stops 2040 are segmented into an upper proximal end portion 2042, a lower proximal end portion 2043 and a bottom proximal end portion 2044. See FIGS. 31 and 32. As can also be seen in FIGS. 31 and 32, an angled surface or chamfer surface 2045 is formed between the upper proximal end portion 2042 and the camming surface 2020 on the anvil mounting portion. An angled surface or chamfer surface 2046 is formed between the lower proximal end portion 2043 and the camming surface 2020 and an angled surface or chamfer surface 2047 is formed between the bottom proximal end portion 2044 and the camming surface 2020. In the illustrated arrangement wherein scalloped or relieved areas 2080, 2082, 2084 are formed in the anvil mounting portion 2010, the chamfer 2045 corresponds to the relieved area 2080. See FIG. 33. The lower proximal end portion 2043 and accompanying chamfer 2046 correspond to relieved area 2082 and the bottom proximal end portion 2044 and accompanying chamfer 2047 corresponds to relieved area 2084.

As discussed above, the anvil 2000 is moved from a fully open position to the closed position and an over-closed position by the axially movable end effector closure tube 3050. FIGS. 31 and 33 illustrate the position of the end effector closure tube 3050 relative to the tissue stops 2040 when the anvil 2000 is in the closed position. As can be seen in FIG. 33, the upper proximal end portion 2042 and accompanying chamfer 2045 are approximately parallel to a corresponding portion of a distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050. To reduce a possibility of tissue being inadvertently pinched between the tissue stops 2040 and the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050, the lower proximal end portion 2043 and the bottom proximal end portion 2044 of the tissue stop 2040 and the corresponding chamfers 2046 and 2047 angle away from the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050. This arrangement has the practical effect of increasing a distance between the portion of the tissue stop and the end effector closure tube that may most likely encounter adjacent tissue.

FIG. 33 is an enlarged view of a portion of the end effector depicted in FIG. 31 wherein the anvil 2000 is in a closed position. When in that position, the upper proximal end portion 2042 of each tissue stops 2040 is located a first tissue distance TD₁ from the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050. The bottom proximal end portion 2044 of each tissue stop 2040 is located a second tissue distance TD₂ from the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050. As can be seen in that Figure, TD₂>TD₁. FIGS. 32 and 34 depict the anvil 2000 in an over-closed position. The first tissue distance TD₁′ between the upper proximal end portion 2042 of each tissue stop 2040 is still slightly less than the second tissue distance TD₂′ between the bottom proximal end portion 2044 of each tissue stop 2040 and the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050 which will still reduce the likelihood of tissue pinch therebetween. In at least one example, TD₂ and/or TD₂′ may be approximately ten thousands of an inch to approximately twenty-five thousands of an inch. However, other gaps may be attained. Also, the inclusion of the chamfered surfaces 2045, 2046 and 2047 may help to lessen the likelihood of pinching tissue between the tissue stops 2040 and the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 3050 when the anvil 200 is moved to the closed and over-closed positions. The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above-described tissue stop configurations will also work with other forms of end effector closure tube and closure member arrangements.

FIGS. 35-38 illustrate another anvil embodiment 5000 that is identical to anvil 2000 described above except for the differences relating to tissue stops 5040. Tissue stops 5040 may be identical to tissue stops 2040 except that proximal end portions 5042, 5043, 5044 of each tissue stop and the accompanying chamfer surfaces 5045, 5046, 5047 are approximately parallel to the distal end 5031 of the end effector closure tube 5030. End effector closure tube 5050 may otherwise be identical to end effector closure tube 3050 described above, except for the differences discussed below. FIGS. 35 and 36 illustrate the anvil 5000 in the closed position. In this arrangement, an area that may otherwise be susceptible to pinching tissue is the edge of the bottom proximal end portion 5044 and the confronting portion of the distal end 5031 of the end effector closure tube 5050. To alleviate and minimize such possibility, a relieved area 5060 is formed in the distal end 5031 of the end effector closure tube 5030 that confronts or, stated another way, is opposite from the bottom proximal end 5044 of each of the tissue stops 5040. In the illustrated example, each relieved area 5060 comprises an arcuate notch 5062 that is formed in the portion of the distal end 5031 of the end effector closure tube 5030 corresponding to the bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each tissue stop 5040. In the illustrated arrangements, for example, the bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each of the tissue stops 5040 terminates in a bottom corner 5070 and the apex or bottom 5064 is directly across from the bottom corner 5070 when the end effector closure tube 5050 is in the position corresponding to the closed position of the anvil 5000. Other notch shapes, however, may be employed.

FIG. 36 is an enlarged view of a portion of the end effector depicted in FIG. 35 wherein the anvil 5000 is in a closed position. When in that position, the upper proximal end portion 5042, the lower proximal end portion 5043 and the bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each tissue stop 5040 are located a first tissue distance TD₁ from the distal end 3051 of the end effector closure tube 5050. The bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each tissue stop 5040 is located a second tissue distance TD₂ from the apex or bottom 5064 of the notch 5062 in the distal end 5051 of the end effector closure tube 5050. As can be seen in that Figure, TD₂>TD₁. FIGS. 37 and 38 depict the anvil 5000 in an over-closed position. The first tissue distance TD₁′ between the bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each tissue stop 5040 is still less than the second tissue distance TD₂′ between the bottom proximal end portion 5044 of each tissue stop 2040 and the apex 5064 of the corresponding notch 5062 in the distal end 5051 of the end effector closure tube 5050 which will still reduce the likelihood of tissue pinch therebetween. Also, the inclusion of the chamfered surfaces 5045, 5046 and 5047 may help to lessen the likelihood of pinching tissue between the tissue stops 5040 and the distal end 5051 of the end effector closure tube 5050 when the anvil 5000 is moved to the closed and over-closed positions. The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above-described tissue stop configurations will also work with other forms of end effector closure tube and closure member arrangements.

FIG. 39 illustrates a previous surgical staple cartridge 4000 that includes a cartridge body 4010 that is configured to be removably supported within the elongate channel 1310. The cartridge body 4010 includes an elongate cartridge slot 4016 that extends from a proximal end 4012 through the cartridge body 4010 to a distal end portion 4014 to enable the knife member or firing member 1920 (FIG. 5) to pass therethrough. The cartridge body 4010 further defines a cartridge deck surface 4020 on each side of the elongate slot 4016. See FIG. 39. A plurality of staple cavities 4022 are provided in the cartridge body 4010 on each side of the elongate slot 4016. Each cavity 4022 opens through the deck surface 4020 to removably support a surgical staple or staples therein. In at least one cartridge arrangement, three lines of staple cavities 4022 are provided on each side of the elongate slot 4016. In the illustrated example, the lines are formed such that the staples in a center line are staggered relative to the staples in the two adjacent outer lines. The staples are supported on staple drivers that are movably supported within each staple cavity. In at least some arrangements, the staple drivers are arranged to be contacted or “fired” upward when contacted by a cam member or camming portions associated with the knife member 1920, for example. In some arrangements, a “wedge” sled or camming sled is movably supported in the cartridge body 4010 and is adapted to be axially displaced through the cartridge body 4010 as the knife member 1920 is axially deployed through the cartridge from the proximal end portion 4012 to the distal end portion 4014 of the cartridge body 4010. The wedge sled includes a camming member or “wedge” associated with each line of staple cavities so as to serially deploy the staple drivers supported therein. As the corresponding wedge or cam contacts a staple driver, the driver is driven upwardly within the staple cavity thereby driving the staple or staples supported thereon out of the staple cavity through the clamped tissue and into forming contact with the staple-forming undersurface of a confronting anvil of the end effector. The wedge sled or camming member is located distal to the knife or tissue cutting edge of the knife or firing member 1920, so that the tissue is stapled prior to being severed by the tissue cutting edge on the knife or firing member.

Variations to the arrangement and/or geometry of staples in a staple line can affect the flexibility and sealing properties of the staple line. For example, a staple line comprised of linear aligned staples can provide a limited amount of flexibility or stretch because the staple line can flex or stretch between the linear staples. Consequently, a limited portion of the staple line (e.g., the portion between staples) is flexible. A staple line comprised of angularly-oriented staples can also flex or stretch between the staples. However, the angularly-oriented staples are also able to rotate, which provides an additional degree of stretch within the staple line. A staple line comprised of angularly-oriented staples may be capable of stretching in excess of 60%, for example. In certain instances, a staple line comprised of angularly-oriented staples can stretch at least 25% or at least 50%, for example. The arrangement of staples includes the relative orientation of the staples and the spacing between the staples, for example. The geometry of the staples includes the size and shape of the staples, for example. The flexibility and sealing properties of a staple line can change at longitudinal and/or lateral positions based on the arrangement and/or geometry of the staples. In certain instances, it is desirable to alter the flexibility and/or sealing properties of a staple line at one or more locations along the staple line. For example, it can be desirable to maximize the flexibility of the staple line or a portion thereof. Additionally or alternatively, it can be desirable to minimize the flexibility of the staple line or a portion thereof. It can also be desirable to maximize the sealing properties of the staple line or a portion thereof. Additionally or alternatively, it can be desirable to minimize the sealing properties of the staple line or a portion thereof.

The arrangement of staple cavities in a staple cartridge corresponds to the arrangement of staples in a staple line generated by the staple cartridge. For example, the spacing and relative orientation of staple cavities in a staple cartridge corresponds to the spacing and relative orientation of staples in a staple line generated by the staple cartridge. In various instances, a staple cartridge can include an arrangement of staples cavities that is selected and/or designed to optimize the flexibility and/or sealing properties of the resultant staple line. A surgeon may select a staple cartridge having a particular arrangement of staple cavities based on the surgical procedure to be performed and/or the properties of the tissue to be treated during the surgical procedure, for example.

In certain instances, it can be desirable to generate a staple line with different staple patterns. A staple line can include a first pattern of staples for a first portion thereof and a second pattern of staples for a second portion thereof. The first pattern and the second pattern can be longitudinally offset. For example, the first pattern can be positioned at the proximal or distal end of the staple line. In other instances, the first pattern and the second pattern can be laterally offset and, in still other instances, the first pattern and the second pattern can be laterally offset and longitudinally offset. A staple line can include at least two different patterns of staples.

In certain instances, the majority of staples in a staple line can form a major pattern and other staples in the staple line can form one or more minor patterns. The major pattern can span a significant portion of the staple line and can include a longitudinally-repetitive sub-pattern. In certain instances, the minor pattern, or irregularity, can deviate from the major pattern. The minor pattern can be an anomaly at one or more locations along the length of the staple line, for example. The different patterns in a staple line can be configured to produce different properties at predefined locations. For example, the major pattern can be a highly flexible or elastic pattern, which can permit extensive stretching of the stapled tissue, and the minor pattern can be less flexible or less elastic. It can be desirable for the majority of the staple line to be highly flexible and for one or more limited portions to be less flexible, for example. In other instances, the minor pattern can be more flexible than the major pattern. In certain instances, because the minor pattern extends along a shorter portion of the staple line, the flexibility of the minor pattern may not impact, or may not significantly impact, the overall flexibility of the entire staple line. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,389, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018/0168629, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein discloses various staple cartridge and staple driver arrangements. U.S. Pat. No. 9,801,627, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE FOR CREATING FLEXIBLE STAPLE LINES, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein discloses various cartridge an anvil arrangements for creating flexible lines of surgical staples.

Referring again to FIG. 39, the majority of the staple cavities 4022 in the cartridge 4000 are arranged in a first pattern, or major pattern, 4030. The first pattern 4030 is a longitudinally-repetitive pattern of angularly-oriented staple cavities 4022. Longitudinally-repetitive patterns are patterns in which a sub-pattern or arrangement is longitudinally repeated. For example, an arrangement of three staple cavities on each side of the slot 4016 (an inner staple cavity, an intermediate staple cavity, and an outer staple cavity) can be repeated along at least a portion of the length of the staple cartridge body 4010. Various longitudinally-repetitive patterns of angularly-oriented staples cavities are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/498,145, filed Sep. 26, 2014, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0089142, entitled METHOD FOR CREATING A FLEXIBLE STAPLE LINE, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The openings 4024 of the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030 form a herringbone pattern having six rows of angularly-oriented staple cavity openings 4024 in the cartridge deck surface 4020. An inner row 4026 a, an intermediate row 4026 b, and an outer row 4026 c of staple cavities 4022 are positioned on each side of the slot 4016.

Each staple cavity opening 4024 has a proximal end 4027 and a distal end 4028. The proximal end 4027 and the distal end 4028 of the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030 are laterally offset. Stated differently, each staple cavity 4022 in the first pattern 4030 is angularly oriented relative to a longitudinal staple cartridge axis SCA. A cavity axis CA extends between the proximal end 4027 and the distal end 4028 of each opening 4024. The cavity axes CA are obliquely oriented relative to the slot 4016. More specifically, the openings 4024 in the inner rows 4026 a of staple cavities 4022 and the outer rows 4026 c of staple cavities 4022 are oriented at 45 degrees, or about 45 degrees, relative to the longitudinal staple cartridge axis SCA, and the openings 4024 in the intermediate rows 4026 b of staple cavities 4022 are oriented at 90 degrees, or about 90 degrees, relative to the openings 4024 of the inner rows 4026 a and the outer rows 4026 c.

In the example of FIG. 39, certain staple cavities in the cartridge body 4010 are oriented at an angle that is anomalous or irregular with respect to the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. More specifically, the angular orientation of proximal staple cavities 4022 a, 4022 b, 4022 c, and 4022 d and distal staples cavities 4022 e, 4022 f, 4022 g, and 4022 h does not conform to the herringbone arrangement of the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. Rather, the proximal staple cavities 4022 a-4022 d and the distal staple cavities 4022 e-4022 h are angularly offset from the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. The proximal staple cavities 4022 a, 4022 b, 4022 c, and 4022 d are obliquely oriented relative to the staples cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030, and the distal staple cavities 4022 e, 4022 f, 4022 g, and 4022 h are also obliquely oriented relative to the staples cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. The proximal and distal staple cavities 4022 a-4022 h are oriented parallel to the slot 4016 and to the longitudinal staple cartridge axis SCA.

The proximal staple cavities 4022 a-4022 d form a proximal pattern 4040 that is distinct from the first pattern 4030, and the distal staple cavities 4022 e-4022 h form a distal pattern 4042 that is also distinct from the first pattern 4030. In the depicted arrangement, the proximal pattern 4040 includes a first pair of parallel, longitudinally-aligned staple cavities 4022 a, 4022 b on a first side of the slot 4016 and a second pair of parallel, longitudinally-aligned staple cavities 4022 c, 4022 d on a second side of the longitudinal slot 4016. The distal pattern 4042 also includes a first pair of parallel, longitudinally-aligned staple cavities 4022 e, 4022 f on the first side of the longitudinal slot 4016 and a second pair of parallel, longitudinally-aligned staple cavities 4022 g, 4022 h on the second side of the longitudinal slot 4016. In other instances, the distal pattern 4042 can be different from the proximal pattern 4040.

The proximal pattern 4040 and the distal pattern 4042 are symmetric relative to the longitudinal staple cartridge axis SCA. In other instances, the proximal pattern 4040 and/or the distal pattern 4042 can be asymmetric relative to the longitudinal staple cartridge axis SCA. For example, the staple cavities 4022 e and 4022 f can be longitudinally offset from the staple cavities 4022 g and 4022 h and/or the staple cavities 4022 a and 4022 b can be longitudinally offset from the staple cavities 4022 c and 4022 d. Additionally or alternatively, in certain instances, the staple cartridge body 4010 can include either the proximal pattern 4040 or the distal pattern 4042. In other instances, the staple cavities 4022 defined in the staple cartridge body 4010 can include additional and/or different patterns of staple cavities 4022.

As can be further seen in FIG. 39, atraumatic extenders 4050 extend or protrude from the deck surface 4020 around a portion of the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. The atraumatic extenders 4050 surround the proximal and distal ends 4027 and 4028, respectively, of the openings 4024 of the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030. The atraumatic extenders 4050 may be configured to grip tissue that is clamped by the end effector. Additionally or alternatively, in certain instances, the tips of the staple legs can protrude from the cartridge body 4010. In such instances, the atraumatic extenders 4050 may be configured to extend flush with and/or beyond the tips of the staple legs to prevent the tips from prematurely penetrating tissue. Consequently, larger staples, e.g., staples having longer legs, can be positioned in the staple cavities 4022 having atraumatic extenders 4050 positioned therearound. For example, referring again to FIG. 39, larger staples can be positioned in the staple cavities 4022 in the first pattern 4030 than the staples in the staple cavities in the proximal pattern 4040 and the distal pattern 4042 without risking premature piercing of tissue by the longer staple legs. In certain instances, atraumatic extenders 4050 can be positioned around staples cavities 4022 in the proximal pattern 4040 and/or the distal pattern 4042, and larger staples can be positioned in one of more of those staple cavities 4022 a-4022 h, as well.

The staple cartridge body 4010 can be configured to generate a staple line having different properties along the length thereof. A staple line 4060 generated by the staple cartridge body 4010 and embedded in tissue T is depicted in FIG. 40. The staple line 4060 is comprised of staples 4062, and an exemplary staple 4062 for use with various staple cartridges described herein is depicted in FIG. 41. The staple 4062 can be comprised of a bent wire, for example. The wire can have a diameter of 0.0079 inches, or approximately 0.0079 inches. In other instances, the wire can have a diameter of 0.0089 inches, or approximately 0.0089 inches. In still other instances, the wire can have a diameter of 0.0094, or approximately 0.0094 inches. In certain instances, the wire can have a diameter of less than 0.0079 inches or more than 0.0094 inches. The reader will appreciate that the diameter of the wire can dictate the diameter of the staple. The staple 4062 is a substantially U-shaped staple having a base 4064, a first leg 4066 extending from a first end of the base 4064, and a second leg 4068 extending from a second end of the base 4064. The first leg 4066 is substantially parallel to the second leg 4068 and substantially perpendicular to the base 4064. When implanted in tissue T, the angular orientation of the base 4064 corresponds to the angular orientation of the staple cavity opening 4024 from which the staple 4062 was fired.

Another exemplary staple 4070 that may be used with various staple cartridges described herein is depicted in FIG. 42. The staple 4070 is a substantially “V-shaped” staple having a base 4072, a first leg 4074 extending from a first end of the base 4072, and a second leg 4076 extending from a second end of the base 4072. The first leg 4074 is obliquely oriented relative to the second leg 4076 and the base 4072. When implanted in tissue T, the orientation of the base 4072 corresponds to the orientation of the staple cavity opening 4024 from which the staple 4070 was fired. The reader will appreciate that staples having different geometries can also be fired from the staple cartridges described herein.

Referring again to FIG. 40, the staple line 4060 includes a first portion 4061, a proximal portion 4063, and a distal portion 4065. The first portion 4061 is generated from the first pattern, or major pattern, 4030 and extends along a substantial portion of the staple line 4030. Owing to the angular orientation of the staples 4062 in the first portion 4030, the first portion 4061 is substantially flexible or compliant. For example, because the angularly-oriented staples 4062 can rotate within the stapled tissue T while minimizing trauma to the tissue T, the first portion 4061 is configured to stretch or extend longitudinally and/or laterally as the stapled tissue stretches.

The proximal portion 4063 is generated from the proximal pattern 4040 and forms the proximal end of the staple line 4060. The distal portion 4065 is generated from the distal pattern 4042 and forms the distal end of the staple line 4060. Owing to the parallel orientation of the staples 4062 in the proximal portion 4063 and the distal portion 4065 of the staple line 4060, the proximal portion 4063 and the distal portion 4065 of the staple line 4060 can be less flexible than the first portion 4061. However, the reduced flexibility of the proximal portion 4063 and the distal portion 4065 may not impact, or not substantially impact, the overall flexibility of the staple line 4060. Moreover, as described herein, the proximal portion 4063 and the distal portion 4065 may not extend adjacent to the cutline and, in certain instances, the proximal portion 4063 may be absent or missing from the staple line 4060.

As described herein, staples are removably positioned in a staple cartridge and fired from the staple cartridge during use. In various instances, the staples can be driven out of staple cavities in the staple cartridge and into forming contact with an anvil. For example, a firing element can translate through the staple cartridge during a firing stroke to drive the staples from the staple cartridge toward an anvil. In certain instances, the staples can be supported by staple drivers and the firing element can lift the staple drivers to eject or remove the staples from the staple cartridge.

An anvil can include a staple-forming undersurface having staple-forming pockets defined therein. In certain instances, the staple-forming pockets can be stamped in the anvil. For example, the staple-forming pockets can be coined in a flat surface of the anvil. The reader will appreciate that certain features of the staple-forming pockets can be a deliberate consequence of a coining process. For example, a certain degree of rounding at corners and/or edges of the staple-forming produce can be an intentional result of the coining process. Such features can also be designed to better form the staples to their formed configurations, including staples that become skewed and/or otherwise misaligned during deployment.

Each staple in the staple cartridge can be aligned with a staple-forming pocket of the anvil. In other words, the arrangement of staple cavities and staples in a staple cartridge for an end effector can correspond or match the arrangement of staple-forming pockets in an anvil of the end effector. More specifically, the angular orientation of each staple cavity can match the angular orientation of the respective staple-forming pocket. For example, when the staple cavities are arranged in a herringbone pattern, the staple-forming pockets can also be arranged in a herringbone pattern.

When staples are driven from the staple cartridge and into forming contact with the anvil, the staples can be formed into a “fired” configuration. In various instances, the fired configuration can be a “B-form” configuration, in which the tips of the staple legs are bent toward the staple base or crown to form a capital letter B having symmetrical upper and lower loops. In other instances, the fired configuration can be a modified B-form, such as a skewed B-form configuration, in which at least a portion of a staple leg torques out of plane with the staple base, or an asymmetrical B-form configuration, in which the upper and lower loops of the capital letter B are asymmetric. Tissue can be captured or clamped within the formed staple.

The arrangement of staples and/or staple cavities in a staple cartridge can be configured to optimize the corresponding arrangement of staple-forming pockets in the forming surface of a complementary anvil. For example, the angular orientation and spacing of staples in a staple cartridge can be designed to optimize the forming surface of an anvil. In certain instances, the footprint of the staple-forming pockets in an anvil can be limited by the geometry of the anvil. In instances in which the staple-forming pockets are obliquely-oriented relative to a longitudinal axis, the width of the anvil can limit the size and spacing of the obliquely-oriented staple-forming pockets. For example, the width of an intermediate row of staple-forming pockets can define a minimum distance between a first row (e.g. an outer row) on one side of the intermediate row and a second row (e.g. an inner row) on the other side of the intermediate row. Moreover, the rows of staple-forming pockets are confined between an inside edge on the anvil, such as a knife slot, and an outside edge of the anvil.

In various instances, the pockets can be adjacently nested along a staple-forming undersurface of the anvil. For example, an intermediate pocket can be nested between an inner pocket and an outer pocket. The angular orientation of the pockets can vary row-to-row to facilitate the nesting thereof. For example, the staple-forming pockets in an inner row can be oriented at a first angle, the staple-forming pockets in an intermediate row can be oriented at a second angle, and the staple-forming pockets in an outer row can be oriented at a third angle. The first angle, the second angle, and the third angle can be different, which can facilitate the close arrangement of the staple-forming pockets.

Referring again to the previous staple cartridge depicted in FIG. 39 and other previous staple cartridges disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 9,801,627, entitled FASTENER CARTRIDGE FOR CREATING FLEXIBLE STAPLE LINES and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/498,145, filed Sep. 26, 2014, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0089142, entitled METHOD FOR CREATING A FLEXIBLE STAPLE LINE, the varying angles of the staples and the staple cavities in each row can be selected to optimize the nesting of the staple-forming pockets in a complementary anvil. For each such staple cartridge, a complementary anvil can be configured to have a corresponding arrangement of staple-forming pockets. Moreover, the staple-forming pockets in the complementary anvils can be larger than the staple cavities in an effort to facilitate the staple legs land or fall within the staple-forming pockets. For example, the staple legs may be biased outward, such as in the case of V-shaped staples (see FIG. 42) and the larger footprint of the staple-forming pockets can catch the outwardly-biased staple legs during firing. In various instances, the staple-forming pockets can be 0.005 inches to 0.015 inches longer than the corresponding staple cavities and/or staples. Additionally or alternatively, the staple-receiving cups of each staple-forming pocket can be 0.005 inches to 0.015 inches wider than the corresponding staple cavities. In other instances, the difference in length and/or width can be less than 0.005 inches or more than 0.015 inches.

In instances in which the size of the staples varies within a staple cartridge, the size of the staple-forming pockets can corresponding vary within a complementary anvil. Varying the size of the staple-forming pockets can further facilitate the nesting thereof. For example, in instances in which staple-forming pockets in an intermediate row are shorter than the staple-forming pockets in an inner row or an outer row, the width of the intermediate row of staple-forming pockets can be reduced, which can minimize the requisite spacing between the inner row and the outer row.

The spacing of the staple-forming pockets can also be configured to optimize the nesting thereof. For example, the pockets arranged in an inner row can be longitudinally staggered relative to the pockets arranged in an outer row. Moreover, the pockets in the inner row can partially longitudinally overlap the pockets in the outer row. The pockets in an intermediate row can be longitudinally staggered relative to the pockets in the inner row and the pockets in the outer row. For example, the pockets in the intermediate row can be equidistantly longitudinally offset from the pockets in the outer row and the pockets in the inner row

Anvils that are configured for use in surgical stapling applications may be formed using various manufacturing techniques and methods. One previous manufacturing method for fabricating surgical stapler anvils comprises the process of “coining”. “Coining” is a form of precision stamping in which the anvil material is subjected to sufficiently high stress to induce plastic flow on the surface of the material. Coining is commonly accomplished using a gear driven press, a hydraulic press or a mechanical press. Coining typically requires higher tonnage presses than are typically used in conventional stamping processes because the workpiece is plastically deformed and not actually cut. Although coining has been an effective way to form staple-forming pockets in the staple-forming undersurface of an anvil, it can result in the creation of some undesirable characteristics in the finished anvil.

In various previous anvil fabrication methods where coining is employed, the anvil raw material, which may comprise a metal material such as stainless steel or the like, is typically initially extruded or rolled into an initial blank or body. The anvil body can then be machined using various conventional machining techniques so as to initially form planar forming surfaces on each size of an elongate slot formed in the body. Once the body has been machined so that the forming surfaces are flat, the forming pockets are then coined in the forming surfaces in a desired pattern.

FIG. 43 depicts a portion of a previous anvil 8300 in cross-section. This previous anvil comprises an anvil body 8310 that consists of left and right staple-forming undersurfaces 8330L, 8330R that are separated by an elongate slot 8326. The anvil body portion 8310 may be extruded or rolled out of 304 stainless steel or similar material. The elongate slot 8326 and the anvil forming surfaces 8330L, 8330R are commonly machined flat prior to the formation of the staple-forming pockets 8360 therein. An anvil cover 8390, which may be manufactured from 17-4PH stainless steel, is welded to the body portion 8310 at joints 8392 with welds 8394. FIG. 44 comprises a photograph taken using a scanning electron microscope of a weld joint 8392 of a previous anvil 8300 showing the different grain structures of the anvil body 8310 and anvil cover 8390 as well as of the weld 8394.

FIG. 45 depicts a portion of the anvil 8300 in cross-section prior to the formation of the staple-forming pockets 8360 therein using a previous coining method. As can be seen in that Figure, a forming surface 8330R has been machined flat on one side of the elongate slot 8326 that was also machined into the anvil body 8310 using conventional machining methods and techniques. The Figure illustrates a crystalline structure 8312 of the anvil body material prior to the coining operation. The desired final staple-forming pocket 8360 configuration is illustrated in phantom lines. FIG. 46 illustrates the anvil body 8310 after the staple-forming pocket 8360 has been coined therein. The coining operation consists of striking the forming surface 8330 with a die (not shown) which results in high material displacement which leads to high material density (lines 8314) around the formed pocket 8360. FIG. 47 is a photograph of a cross-section of a portion of a previous anvil 8300 using a scanning electron microscope. The photograph illustrates the extensive grain deformation and occlusions formed below the pockets 8360 as a result of the coining process.

FIG. 48 is a photograph taken of a portion of the previous anvil body 8310 that is below a pocket 8360 after the coining process. FIGS. 49 and 50 comprise photographs of the region below the coined pockets illustrating inclusions 8397 formed in the material. These elongate non-metallic inclusions 8397 are typically found in a wrought product. The directionality of the inclusions indicates that the material was rolled or extruded. FIG. 51 comprises a higher magnification photograph of a portion of a previous anvil 8300 in an area that was not coined illustrating non-metallic inclusions 8398 and 8399 therein.

In addition to the previous coining process employed to form the previous anvil 8300, once the forming pockets 8360 have been coined into the forming surfaces 8330L, 8330R, the forming surfaces 8330L, 8330R and pockets 8360 may be brushed and ultrasonically cleaned to remove any lubrication and debris resulting from the coining process. FIG. 52 comprises a photograph of a portion of the previous anvil 8300 after the cleaning processes. FIGS. 53 and 54 are photographs of bottom portions of one of the forming pockets 8360 showing some of the metal smearing 8361 that results from the coining process. As illustrated in FIGS. 47-51 and 53 and 54, the above-described previous method of anvil manufacturing may result in the formation of an anvil with undesirable inclusions in the anvil body which may weaken the anvil. Such process may also result in the formation of staple-forming pockets that have undesirably rough forming surfaces.

FIGS. 55-59 illustrate a method 8400 that may avoid some of the aforementioned problems commonly encountered when using previous anvil manufacturing methods. In at least one configuration, the method 8400 involves employing a process of metal injection molding (“MIM”) for forming an anvil body portion 8510 of an anvil 8500. MIM is a metal working process in which finely-powdered metal is mixed with binder material to create a “feedstock” (action 8402) that is shaped and solidified into an anvil body 8510 using injection molding (8404). After molding (8404), the anvil body 8510 undergoes conditioning operations to remove the binder and to densify the powders (debinding-8406). In at least one configuration, the MIM process is used to create an anvil body 8510 that has a plurality of “preliminary” staple-forming pocket configurations that have a “near net configuration” or a near net “geometry”, which differs from “final” desired pocket configuration or geometry. For example, a preliminary pocket configuration may have a similar shape as a final pocket configuration, but the final pocket configuration may comprise a larger and deeper void or pocket in the anvil body.

More specifically and with reference to FIG. 56, a portion of the anvil body 8510 is shown after the anvil body 8510 has been formed using the MIM process (for example—actions 8402, 8404, 8406). In at least one arrangement, the anvil body 8510 has been initially formed with a flat or planar staple-forming undersurface 8430 that has a plurality of staple-forming pockets 8560P formed therein that each have a “near net” shape or geometry or a “pre-shape”. In the example illustrated in cross-section in FIG. 56, a “pre-formed” pocket 8560P includes a bottom surface 8532P and two sloping side walls 8534P. The sloping sidewalls 8534P form a pocket opening that has a preliminary width “PW” (in cross-section). The bottom surface 8532P is located a preliminary depth “PD” from the staple-forming undersurface 8530. The desired final pocket shape 8360F is illustrated in segmented lines in FIG. 56. Once the anvil body 8510 has been formed with the “pre-shaped” or “preliminary” pockets 8360P, a coining process 8408 is employed to form the final forming pockets 8560F therein.

FIG. 57 illustrates a final forming pocket 8560F that has been formed into the anvil body 8510. As can be seen in that Figure, the final forming pocket 8560F includes a final bottom surface 8532F and two sloping sidewalls 8534F that define a pocket opening with a final width “FW”. The final bottom surface 8532F is located a final depth “FD” from the forming surface 8530. In the illustrated example, FW>PW and FD>PD. The cross-sectional shape of the forming pockets 8560P, 8560F depicted in FIGS. 56 and 57 are for illustrative purposes only and should not be limiting. The shapes of the pockets may vary with a final forming pocket being larger than the preliminary or pre-shaped forming pocket. While the geometric shape of the final pocket 8560F may be similar to the preformed pocket 8560P geometry, the final pocket 8560F will be larger than the preformed pocket 8560P due to the coining process 8408. In addition, the pre-surface finish 8536P of the pre-formed pocket 8560P as a result of the MIM processes 8402. 8404, 8406, may be different from the final surface finish 8536F of the final pocket 8560F as a result of the coining process 8408. For example, the pre-surface finish 8536P may be rougher than the final surface finish 8536F. FIG. 58 illustrates a preliminary or pre-shaped forming pocket 8560P that has been preliminarily formed using the MIM process. As can be seen in that Figure, the surface finish 8536P of the forming pocket 8560P can be somewhat rougher than the final surface finish 8536F of the final forming pocket 8560F (shown in FIG. 59) that is formed by the final coining process 8408. Because the preliminary or pre-shaped forming pockets have a pre-shape, the coining process is performed with a lower force than is typically used in previous coining operations. Such lower coining force results in less material displacement and lower compression than is typically experienced when using previous coining operations. In an alternative method, the coining process may be replaced with a forging process. In this alternative method, for example, after the anvil body has been formed with previous or preformed forming pockets using the above-described MIM process, the anvil body may be heated while it is struck with a forging die that is configured to form the final forming pockets therein in manner described above.

FIGS. 60-64 illustrate an alternative use of the method 8400′ to form staple-forming pockets 8560F′in the anvil body material 8510. In this method 8400′, the preformed pocket configuration 8560P′ is formed with a relatively final shape and size, except for the provision of a staple leg guidance groove also referred to as a “staple-forming path” 8570 therein. The staple-forming path 8570 is coined into the bottom surface 8532P of the pocket (action 8408′). The staple-forming path 8570 is only coined in the bottom 8532P of the pocket 8560P′ to form the pocket 8560F′. See FIGS. 63 and 64. As can be seen in FIG. 64, the staple-forming path 8570 is smoother than the surrounding surfaces formed by the MIM process. That is, the surface finish 8572F′ of the staple-forming path 8570 is smoother than the surface finish 8536P′ of the remaining walls of pocket 8560F′. The staple-forming path 8570 is also harder and denser than the MIM formed portions due to the compression attained from coining. However, the problems associated with previous coining operations are less likely to occur due to the lower forces and compressions attained using the method 8400′.

Another anvil manufacturing method 8600 is depicted in FIG. 65. Method 8600 involves forming the anvil body 8510 using liquid metal or Vitreloy. The liquid metal process is employed to form the anvil body 8510 with the anvil pockets 8560P in their near net shape (action 8602). As with method 8600, a coining process 8604 is used to provide the forming pockets 8560F with their final configurations. FIG. 66 depicts a method 8600′ that comprises using the liquid metal process to form the anvil body 8510 with pockets that have their final shape (action 8602′) and then coining the staple-forming path 8570 into each pocket (action 8604′). As with the process 8400 described above, the final forming pockets 8560F may have a similar geometric shape as the pre-formed or near net forming pockets 8560P with the final forming pockets 8560F being larger and deeper.

Another anvil manufacturing method 8700 is depicted in FIG. 67. Method 8700 comprises extruding or rolling an initial blank or body that is sized and shaped to be machined into a desired final configuration (action 8702). The anvil body is machined using various conventional machining techniques so as to initially form planar forming surfaces on each size of the elongate slot. In addition, in this arrangement, the method involves machining the pre-formed or initial pockets 8560P into the planar forming surfaces (action 8704). The pre-formed pocket 8560P may be similar to the preformed pocket configurations such as those depicted in FIG. 56, for example. Thereafter, the final pocket configurations 8560F are formed by coining to attain the configuration such as that depicted in FIG. 57 (action 8706). In using method 8700, however, the anvil body is not created using MIM or liquid metal. Instead, the anvil body material may be extruded or rolled and then machined. However, because the coining forces needed are lower than the previously used coining methods, the compression and material displacement will be lower. FIG. 68 depicts a method 8700′ that comprises extruding or rolling an initial blank or body that is sized and shaped to be machined into a desired final configuration (action 8702). The anvil body is machined using various conventional machining techniques so as to initially form the pockets into the planar forming surfaces on each size of the elongate slot. Coining (action 8706′) is then employed to coin the staple-forming pass 8570 into each pocket.

FIG. 69 depicts another method 8800 that employs the action 8402 to create the feedstock. The anvil body in this method is injection molded (action 8404′) in final form, but without any anvil pockets formed therein. The anvil body is then conditioned (action 8406). The preformed pockets 8560P are then machined into the anvil body (action 8808). The final pockets 8560F are then formed into the anvil body by coining (action 8810). FIG. 70 depicts another method 8800′ that is similar to method 8800, except that the pockets are machined with their final configuration (action 8808′). The staple-forming paths are then coined into the bottom of each pocket (action 8810′).

FIG. 71 depicts another method 8900 wherein the anvil body is formed using liquid metal (action 8902). Near-net pockets are then machined into the anvil body (action 8904). The final pocket configurations are then coined into the anvil body (action 8906). FIG. 72 depicts another method 8900′ that is similar to method 8900, except that the pockets are machined with their final configuration (action 8904′). The staple-forming paths are then coined into the bottom of each pocket (action 8906′). In alternative arrangements, the preformed pockets 8560P may be formed in the anvil body 8510 using electrochemical machining (ECM). ECM is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process. ECM is similar to electrical discharge machining (EDM) in that a high current is passed between an electrode and the part through an electrolytic material removing process having a negatively charged electrode (cathode), a conductive fluid (electrolyte) and a conductive workpiece (anode). The ECM cutting tool is guided along the desired path close to the work, but without touching the piece. Once the preformed pockets are formed in the anvil body using the ECM process, the final pocket form or the staple-forming path is coined into each pocket.

By forming the anvil body using the MIM process or the liquid metal process, the irregularities and inclusions often encountered in processes wherein the anvil body is extruded or rolled may be avoided. By preforming the pockets in the anvil body using the various methods described herein prior to coining enables lower coining forces to be employed when forming the final pocket configuration or staple-forming path. Such lower coining forces result in lower compression and less material displacement and consequently a reduction in the irregularities and occlusions commonly encountered when employing previous anvil fabrication methods.

EXAMPLES

Example 1—A method of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler, wherein the method comprises providing anvil material and establishing a tissue contacting surface in the anvil material. The method further comprises forming a staple-forming pocket into the anvil material through the tissue contacting surface. The forming action comprises employing a first manufacturing process to establish the staple-forming pocket in the anvil material with a preliminary geometric shape and a preliminary surface finish and employing a second manufacturing process that differs from the first manufacturing process to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape and includes a final desired surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish.

Example 2—The method of Example 1, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a preliminary bottom surface that is located a preliminary depth from the tissue contacting surface. The preliminary geometric shape further comprises at least two preliminary sloping walls that extend from opposing sides of the preliminary bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a preliminary pocket opening therein that comprises a preliminary opening width. The desired final geometric shape comprises a final bottom surface that is located a final depth from the tissue contacting surface, wherein the final depth is greater than the preliminary depth. The desired final geometric shape further comprises at least two final sloping walls that extend from opposing sides of the final bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a final pocket opening therein that comprises a final opening width, wherein the final opening width is greater than the preliminary opening width.

Example 3—The method of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the first manufacturing process is selected from the group of first manufacturing processes consisting of: electrochemical machining, metal injection molding, and liquid metal forming processes.

Example 4—The method of Examples 1, 2 or 3, wherein the second manufacturing process is selected from the group of second manufacturing processes consisting of: coining and forging.

Example 5—The method of Examples 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein only a portion of the desired final geometric shape includes the final desire surface finish.

Example 6—The method of Examples 1, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a preliminary bottom surface that is located a preliminary depth from the tissue contacting surface. The preliminary geometric shape further comprises at least two sloping walls that extend from opposing sides of the preliminary bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a pocket opening therein and wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a final bottom surface wherein at least a portion thereof is located a final depth from the tissue contacting surface wherein the final depth is greater than the preliminary depth and wherein the at least a portion of the final bottom surface includes the final desired surface finish.

Example 7—The method of Example 6, wherein at least a portion of the final bottom surface comprises a staple leg guidance groove in the final bottom surface.

Example 8—The method of Examples 6 or 7, wherein the first manufacturing process is selected from the group of first manufacturing processes consisting of: electrochemical machining, metal injection molding, and liquid metal forming processes.

Example 9—The method of Examples 6, 7 or 8, wherein the second manufacturing process is selected from the group of second manufacturing processes consisting of: coining and forging.

Example 10—The method of Examples 6, 7, 8 or 9, wherein the second manufacturing process is only applied to at least a portion of the preliminary bottom surface and not to the at least two sloping walls.

Example 11—The method of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, wherein the second manufacturing process is employed to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to an intermediate geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape and wherein the method further comprises employing a third manufacturing process to change the intermediate geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the intermediate geometric shape and includes a final desired surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish.

Example 12—The method of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9 or 10, wherein the second manufacturing process is employed to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to an intermediate geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape and includes a intermediate surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish and wherein the method further comprises employing a third manufacturing process to change the intermediate geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the intermediate geometric shape and at least a portion thereof includes a final desired surface finish that differs from the intermediate surface finish.

Example 13—A method of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler, wherein the method comprises providing anvil material and establishing a tissue contacting surface in the anvil material. The method further comprises forming a staple-forming pocket into the anvil material through the tissue contacting surface. The forming action comprises employing a first manufacturing process to establish the staple-forming pocket in the anvil material with a preliminary geometric shape and employing a second manufacturing process to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape.

Example 14—The method of Example 13, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a bottom surface that is located a depth from the tissue contacting surface. The preliminary geometric shape further comprises at least two sloping walls that extend from opposing sides of the bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a pocket opening therein and wherein the second manufacturing process comprises forming a staple leg guiding groove in the bottom surface.

Example 15—The method of Example 14, wherein the second manufacturing process comprises coining the staple leg-guiding groove into the bottom surface.

Example 16—The method of Examples 14 or 15, wherein the bottom surface includes a first surface finish and wherein the staple leg guiding groove includes a second surface finish that differs from the first surface finish.

Example 17—The method of Example 13, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a preliminary bottom surface located a preliminary depth from the tissue contacting surface. The preliminary geometric shape further comprises at least two sloping walls that extend from opposing sides of the preliminary bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a pocket opening therein and wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a final bottom surface, at least a portion of which is located a final depth from the tissue contacting surface wherein the final depth is greater than the preliminary depth and wherein the at least a portion of the final bottom surface is smoother and harder than the preliminary bottom surface.

Example 18—The method of Examples 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17, wherein the first manufacturing process is selected from the group of first manufacturing processes consisting of: electrochemical machining, metal injection molding and liquid metal forming processes.

Example 19—The method of Examples 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, wherein the second manufacturing process is selected from the group of second manufacturing processes consisting of: coining and forging.

Example 20—The method of Examples 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19, wherein the second manufacturing process is only employed to change a portion of the preliminary geometric shape.

Many of the surgical instrument systems described herein are motivated by an electric motor; however, the surgical instrument systems described herein can be motivated in any suitable manner. In various instances, the surgical instrument systems described herein can be motivated by a manually-operated trigger, for example. In certain instances, the motors disclosed herein may comprise a portion or portions of a robotically controlled system. Moreover, any of the end effectors and/or tool assemblies disclosed herein can be utilized with a robotic surgical instrument system. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/118,241, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535, for example, discloses several examples of a robotic surgical instrument system in greater detail.

The surgical instrument systems described herein have been described in connection with the deployment and deformation of staples; however, the embodiments described herein are not so limited. Various embodiments are envisioned which deploy fasteners other than staples, such as clamps or tacks, for example. Moreover, various embodiments are envisioned which utilize any suitable means for sealing tissue. For instance, an end effector in accordance with various embodiments can comprise electrodes configured to heat and seal the tissue. Also, for instance, an end effector in accordance with certain embodiments can apply vibrational energy to seal the tissue.

The entire disclosures of:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,312, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE, which issued on Apr. 4, 1995;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, which issued on Feb. 21, 2006;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,422,139, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK, which issued on Sep. 9, 2008;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,464,849, entitled ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS, which issued on Dec. 16, 2008;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,670,334, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATING END EFFECTOR, which issued on Mar. 2, 2010;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,245, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, which issued on Jul. 13, 2010;

U.S. Pat. No. 8,393,514, entitled SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLE FASTENER CARTRIDGE, which issued on Mar. 12, 2013;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,803, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES; now U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,537;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/031,573, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES, filed Feb. 14, 2008;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/031,873, entitled END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed Feb. 15, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,980,443;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/235,782, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,210,411;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/235,972, entitled MOTORIZED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,050,083.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/249,117, entitled POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,045;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/647,100, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY, filed Dec. 24, 2009; now U.S. Pat. No. 8,220,688;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/893,461, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE, filed Sep. 29, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,733,613;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/036,647, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed Feb. 28, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,561,870;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/118,241, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/524,049, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE, filed on Jun. 15, 2012; now U.S. Pat. No. 9,101,358;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,025, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,345,481;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263552;

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175955, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM, filed Jan. 31, 2006; and

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0264194, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH AN ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR, filed Apr. 22, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,308,040, are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Although various devices have been described herein in connection with certain embodiments, modifications and variations to those embodiments may be implemented. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, the particular features, structures, or characteristics illustrated or described in connection with one embodiment may be combined in whole or in part, with the features, structures or characteristics of one ore more other embodiments without limitation. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. Furthermore, according to various embodiments, a single component may be replaced by multiple components, and multiple components may be replaced by a single component, to perform a given function or functions. The foregoing description and following claims are intended to cover all such modification and variations.

The devices disclosed herein can be designed to be disposed of after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. In either case, however, a device can be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning can include any combination of the steps including, but not limited to, the disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning or replacement of particular pieces of the device, and subsequent reassembly of the device. In particular, a reconditioning facility and/or surgical team can disassemble a device and, after cleaning and/or replacing particular parts of the device, the device can be reassembled for subsequent use. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning of a device can utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. Use of such techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all within the scope of the present application.

The devices disclosed herein may be processed before surgery. First, a new or used instrument may be obtained and, when necessary, cleaned. The instrument may then be sterilized. In one sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK bag. The container and instrument may then be placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, and/or high-energy electrons. The radiation may kill bacteria on the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument may then be stored in the sterile container. The sealed container may keep the instrument sterile until it is opened in a medical facility. A device may also be sterilized using any other technique known in the art, including but not limited to beta radiation, gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, plasma peroxide, and/or steam.

While this invention has been described as having exemplary designs, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler, wherein said method comprises: providing anvil material; establishing a tissue contacting surface in the anvil material; and forming a staple-forming pocket into the anvil material through the tissue contacting surface, wherein said forming comprises: employing a first manufacturing process to establish the staple-forming pocket in the anvil material with a preliminary geometric shape, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a bottom surface located a depth from the tissue contacting surface and at least two sloping walls extending from opposing sides of the bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a pocket opening therein; and employing a second manufacturing process to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape, wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a staple leg guiding groove in the bottom surface.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said second manufacturing process comprises coining the staple leg guiding groove into the bottom surface.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface includes a first surface finish and wherein the staple leg guiding groove includes a second surface finish that differs from the first surface finish.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface comprises a preliminary bottom surface located a preliminary depth from the tissue contacting surface, wherein the at least two sloping walls extend from opposing sides of the preliminary bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form the pocket opening, and wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a final bottom surface, at least a portion of which is located a final depth from the tissue contacting surface, wherein the final depth is greater than the preliminary depth, and wherein the at least a portion of the final bottom surface is smoother and harder than the preliminary bottom surface.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first manufacturing process is selected from a group of first manufacturing processes consisting of: electrochemical machining, and metal injection molding.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said second manufacturing process comprises coining.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said second manufacturing process is only employed to change a portion of the preliminary geometric shape.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anvil material comprises a liquid metal.
 9. A method of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler, said method comprising: providing anvil material; establishing a tissue contacting surface in the anvil material; and forming a staple-forming pocket into the anvil material through the tissue contacting surface, wherein said forming comprises: employing a first manufacturing process to establish the staple-forming pocket in the anvil material, wherein the staple-forming pocket comprises a preliminary geometric shape and a preliminary surface finish, wherein the preliminary geometric shape comprises a preliminary bottom surface located a preliminary depth from the tissue contacting surface, wherein at least two sloping walls extend from opposing sides of the preliminary bottom surface to the tissue contacting surface to form a preliminary pocket opening therein; and employing a second manufacturing process that differs from the first manufacturing process to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that comprises a final bottom surface wherein at least a portion thereof is located a final depth from the tissue contacting surface, wherein the final depth is greater than the preliminary depth, wherein at least a portion of the final bottom surface includes a final desired surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish, and wherein the at least a portion of the final bottom surface comprises a staple leg guidance groove in the final bottom surface.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the preliminary pocket opening comprises a preliminary opening width and wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a final pocket opening that comprises a final opening width, wherein the final opening width is greater than the preliminary opening width.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said first manufacturing process is selected from a group of first manufacturing processes consisting of: electrochemical machining, and metal injection molding.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein said second manufacturing process comprises coining.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein only a portion of the desired final geometric shape includes the final desired surface finish.
 14. The method of claim 9, wherein said second manufacturing process is only applied to at least a portion of the preliminary bottom surface and not to the at least two sloping walls.
 15. The method of claim 9, wherein said second manufacturing process is employed to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to an intermediate geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape, and wherein said method further comprises employing a third manufacturing process to change the intermediate geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to the desired final geometric shape, wherein the desired final geometric shape differs from the intermediate geometric shape and includes the final desired surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish.
 16. The method of claim 9, wherein said second manufacturing process is employed to change the preliminary geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to an intermediate geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape and includes a intermediate surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish, wherein said method further comprises employing a third manufacturing process to change the intermediate geometric shape of the staple-forming pocket to the desired final geometric shape, wherein the desired final geometric shape differs from the intermediate geometric shape, and wherein at least a portion of the desired final geometric shape includes the final desired surface finish that differs from the intermediate surface finish.
 17. The method of claim 9, wherein the anvil material comprises a liquid metal.
 18. A method of manufacturing an anvil for a surgical stapler, said method comprising: creating a feedstock from anvil material; injection molding the feedstock into an anvil body comprising a tissue contacting surface, wherein the tissue contacting surface comprises a plurality of staple-forming pockets, wherein each staple-forming pocket comprises a preliminary geometric shape and a preliminary surface finish; conditioning the anvil body; and employing another manufacturing process to change the preliminary geometric shape of each staple-forming pocket to a desired final geometric shape that differs from the preliminary geometric shape, and wherein the desired final geometric shape comprises a portion comprising a final desired surface finish that differs from the preliminary surface finish.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said creating the feedstock from anvil material comprises mixing a powdered metal material with a binder material.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said conditioning the anvil body comprises removing the binder material.
 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the another manufacturing process comprises coining.
 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the portion is configured to guide staple legs.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the final desired surface finish is smoother than the preliminary surface finish. 